History Lecture 1 22 15 I Johnson vs Radical Republicans A Wants everyone to hug it out and move on B 3 part plan 1 Issued pardons to those who fought in the war a Had to swear an oath of allegiance b Gained right to vote and land back 2 New Constitution had to be written a Written by whites 3 Freedman s bureau a Supposed to last for 1 year to fix all the problems b Ended up lasting 5 years c Addressed medical care schools and hospitals d Financial assistance and fairness in courts for African Americans C Radical Republicans 1 Hated Andrew Johnson and his plan 2 Were in charge of congress and held great power in the government 3 Two goals a Wanted to promote equality between whites and blacks 1 Believed it should be known everywhere that they were equal 2 Radical opinion at the time because most disagreed b Wanted to punish the south 1 Treason 2 Slavery a Blamed the south for civil war 4 Three major things they do to achieve their goals a Wanted to establish military districts to run the south until new constitutions were written 1 U S army was going to stay in former confederate zones 2 Ran trials in the south and ran the government b State constitutions were to be written with blacks and whites together 1 If blacks don t get say in constitution the blacks would eventually get screwed over Fourteenth Amendment c 1 Officially granted citizenship to African Americans 2 The federal government has the right to go into the states and protect the rights of American citizens wherever they are threatened Reconstruction II Key Terms Fifteenth Amendment Enforcement Acts Election of 1876 I Fall of Johnson Rise of Grant A Johnson s Impeachment republican 2 Tenure in Office Act of congress 1 Secretary of War Edwin Stanton was appointment of Lincoln and was radical Johnson thought Stanton was spy for radical republicans a b Wanted to fire Stanton a Prevented the president from firing a cabinet member without the approval 3 Andrew Johnson fires Stanton and breaks the law and was impeached 4 Articles of Impeachment a Charges that congress brings to the president b Senate is the trial for the president c If president is found guilty he is kicked out of office 5 Johnson gets to keep the job a Agreed not to run for president ever again b Every bill amendment passed by republicans must be signed B Election of Grant 1 Republicans a Wanted a candidate that was na ve had no experience in politics and was b During election brought out the fact that Democrats were responsible for popular with the population Civil War c Barely won the election 1 Found their influence was slipping 2 Democrats a Heratio Seymore was Democratic Nomination b Democratic Party was the party for whites c Believed if you voted Republican you were voting that it was okay for black C Fifteenth Amendment 1870 men to rape white women 1 Cannot deny someone the right to vote based on race 2 Loopholes a Individual States run elections meaning individual states determine voter qualification b Poll Taxes c Literacy Test 1 Need to pay a certain amount to be able to vote 1 Forced potential voters to pass complicated questions to determine if they could vote or not d Grandfather Clauses 1 If your grandfather was eligible to vote you are eligible to vote as 2 Exluded blacks from voting and gave poor whites the right well 3 Significances a Shows Radical Republicans were losing power b Loopholes would continue to separate the blacks and whites 1 Loopholes would last for 100 years II The Reconstructed South A Rise of the Ku Klux Klan 1 One of several secret societies that form in the south during reconstruction 2 Found in the Tennessee city of Polaski 3 Goal was to use violence fear and intimidation to prevent racial equality in the south 4 Targeted individuals who were predominantly African American but not exclusively If whites were working towards equality a b Africans who were leaders in community were persecuted against 1 Sent a message to all to not vote for equality 5 Carpet Baggers a Northerners who came into the south to promote racial equality 6 Acts are never prosecuted as a result of the members being policemen lawyers and 1 Series of Laws passed between 1870 and 1871 a Outlaws secret societies b U S military was authorized to go into the Southern States and track down participants charge them try them find them guilty and execute them 2 Incidence of racial violence decreases dramatically and enforcement acts end a Rates of racial violence go up again judges B Enforcement Acts III The End of Reconstruction A The Republicans growing tired 1 First key component to the ending of Reconstruction 2 Desired to see the American economy row B The Panic of 1873 1 Economy hits a speedbump 2 Stocks in railroad companies became inflated and burst 3 Republicans decided to fix the economy instead of equality C The Election of 1876 1 Republican 2 Democrats a Rutherford B Hayes b 48 of popular vote a Samuel Tilden b 51 of popular vote 3 House of Representatives decides in case of a tie 4 15 members on committee to decide a 8 republicans and 7 democrats 5 Bargain of 1877 a Republicans get the victory b Democrats get an end to reconstruction 1 Laws to fix the south end 2 Blacks in the south are alone 3 Segregation begins IV Whole But Scarred