History Lecture 2 12 15 Imperialism 1895 1915 Key Terms Morality Hawaii Sinking of the Maine Emilio Aguinaldo Imperialism deals with foreign affairs United States Europe Japan having an approach of foreign policy that seeks to acquire as much influence as possible over other regions of the world Several ways in which they try to influence other parts Military Diplomacy Economically I Why would imperialism be attractive to the United States A Markets B European Competition 1 Corner a market control that market for our goods exclusively and no others 1 Europeans began imperializing in mid to late 1800s 2 Quinine was what was killing them and they figured out a vaccine for it 3 Berlin Conference of 1884 a England France Germany Italy Portugal Belgium invited b Divided Africa amongst them except for Ethiopia 1 Ethiopia could not be colonized c United States is not involved C Morality 1 In the United States and Europe attached to imperialism is a sense of duty and obligation and in their minds as superior culture a culture based on several things Christianity Constitutionalism agreement between government and people 2 Because we are superior we should civilize the uncivilized a Rudyard Kipling White Man s Burden 3 Money was driving force a We need to justify that what we are doing is right they want to believe that they are making the world a better place II Early Entry into Imperialism A Manifest Destiny 1 The entire portion of North America was given to them by God to explore 2 New York Journalist a It is our Manifest Destiny because we as a nation are found on the concept of liberty and democracy God was so pleased that he gave the area to them and told them to go West and spread liberty and democracy 3 1848 American border is formed 4 Colonial experience a Graduates to imperialism B Hawaii 1 Queen Liliuokalanee a Had held throne for 10 years hereditary monarchy 2 Independent country prior to 1893 a Run by king or queen III The Spanish American War 6 months 1898 A Sinking of the Maine 3 Everyone immigrates to Hawaii because it is a good place to make money a Sugar is massively valuable and grows spectacularly well 1 Americans go over to tap into it 4 American businessmen with the help of England and Dutch businessmen stage a coup de etat a Rallied Hawaiians with the idea of freedom 1 Help us out and we ll help you get an independent country 5 Marines were sent into Hawaii to protect American businessmen 6 7 On July 4 1898 congress annexes Hawaii 5 years after overthrow In order to save her life and many of her people Queen Liliuokalanee steps down 1 Cuba lies 90 miles of coast of Florida and had long been a colony of Spain Spain took over massive chunks of Western Hemisphere but could not hold on to all of them First to go was Mexico Revolution in 1812 gives Mexicans their freedom Venezuela followed and so on Cuba was one of the last of their colonies in the Western Hemisphere In 1860s Cuba tried to fight but could never win Americans took an interest in Cuba As Cubans continue to fight Spain Americans get nervous as fighting was not good for business Americans are hesitant to pick a side though we should fight for Cuba as they wanted freedom and we wanted freedom once too January 1898 USS Maine docked in Havana Harbor February 15 1898 ship explodes as it sits in the harbor Over 250 died out of about 350 a Why might Spain do it Get out of our colony We put a ship in someone else s fort b Why might Cuba do it US might take over Blow up ship Blame Spain US fights Spain US and Cuba ally 2 We actually blew up the ship We didn t figure it out until a while later but we blamed Spain Spain would be a more fun opponent in battle because Spain didn t have much emotional attachment to Cuba if we take them down we may be seem as more powerful than them Explosion of Maine gives America justification to go to war with Spain B Cuba 1 Guerilla Warfare a Type of warfare that uses fewer people less weaponry less resources b Using knowledge of the land do ambushes and then run away 2 Affective except Spain was able to continue bringing in men and resources 3 U S blockaded Spain which allowed guerilla warfare to be more affective 4 17 000 American troops were active in Cuba 5 Philippines Literally on the other side of the world from Cuba a b US navy ends ships to Philippines to mess with Spain more c Win big naval battle Battle of Manila came after war officially ended 6 August 1898 War is over 7 Treaty of Paris 1898 a Cuba will become an independent country when US determines it can effectively run itself 1 By 1906 the US says that Cuba can run itself but US will still have influence over business economy president b US will pick up Guam and Puerto Rico 1 Puerto Rico a Is ruled by US cannot vote not directly taxed b Obligated to enroll for military service c Philippines 1 Located very close to China Very valuable to Spain 2 Spain wanted 20 Million for Philippines C 2000 died of disease 350 die from battle wounds IV The Philippine War 1899 1902 3 year war 70 000 troops 4500 die from battle A Philippine Insurgency 1 Called it this because if we called it a war it acknowledges Filipinos as separate from us Calling it an insurgency made it illegitimate 2 Filipinos wanted independence prior to the Spanish American War B Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the Philippine independence movement 1 2 Spanish was worried about him so they exiled him and US brought him back 3 Rallies people of the Philippines against the United States 4 5 US captured him and tortured him 6 Aguinaldo signed document that said they would stop fighting If we killed him he would become a martyr we needed to capture him C Japan takes over Philippines in 1942 V In the World Now