11 Origins of the Cold War Key Terms Truman Doctrine Berlin Airlift For the Soviet Union Communism United States Democratic Capitalism I Post War Visions 1 Post WWII Europe Josef Stalin Stalin means man of steel Saying that he is strong as a political leader Very interested in protecting his country moving forward Stalin figured out there was a patter people see us as a threat and invade us all the time Soviet Union Want he wants is physical and governmental buffers between Soviet Union and what he views as a threat Wants influence in areas that stand between Soviet Union and everyone else Want he wants is to take all of Eastern Europe and make it an area that Soviets influence tell them what kind of government they should have Poland is included in the nations along with Czech Hungary Romania Bulgaria These are places physically close that he wants to have influence over He wants to implement Communism The government of these places will being communist s immediately after WWII In order to facilitate the Soviet Union has millions of troops in these places If these countries put up a lot of fuss there s tanks on the ground with hundreds of thousands of troops so if they don t go along you will be forced Soviet Union tells Poland they are helping them get back on their feet The United States has some issues with this In 1945 the U S doesn t put up a fight on these eastern countries becoming communists The reason why is 1945 we are busy ending war with Japan and reason two they Soviet Union has a bit of a point Historically they got screwed everybody invades them Moment United States is kind of throwing them the bone They can influence the regions and we will keep quiet about it 4 nations are occupying Germany United States England France and Soviet Union We are all allies at this point because we have been fighting Germany The question now is who should decide what Germany becomes next England and France will go with whatever Untied States says so merge them into all one group called West Germany where these troops are located West Germany has a Democratic capitalist government The Soviets take East Germany with a communist government Even though both sides will leave troops these are independent countries Germany now has two countries The only capital city called Berlin is occupied by all four and disputed about who should get it Berlin gets split in half West and East Berlin West Berlin to East Germany and East Berlin to West Germany This is what everyone agrees to and deems fair This gets signed off by the United Nations everything seems fine as long as you don t try to change anything 2 Truman Doctrine need to know dates Involves President Harry Truman Truman has some worries in the year 1947 His worries involve two countries on edge of Europe Greece and Turkey During WWII Nazis made it to Greece and Turkey and decimated the government If they Nazis wiped out government they need to rebuild gov Greece and Turkey are trying to find out what type of government they should have Two big option Communism Democratic Capitalism Truman is getting concerned these countries might pick communism Greece and Turkey are located next to countries with a lot of oil Ira1 Syria and Saudi Arabia The worry becomes in 1947 that once places like Turkey and Greece become communists their neighbors will also become communists Considered domino theory of Communism Truman wants to do something about this this concept is huge He lays out this concept in speech to congress in March of 1947 Says here is the problem communism is spreading and that s bad for the world Sees this as a threat to people s lives He proposes that the United States contain communism wherever in the world in appears to be spreading At the moment scared it s spreading to Greece and Turkey but leaves it open ending if this spreads anywhere in the world What United States can do is contain Communisms to where it already exists In 194 if it starts spreading we are going to stop it We have military force money economics diplomacy The United States is now doing something it has never done before With this policy we are taking an active role in global affairs We are taking action Much more active approach Going to insure democratic capitalism is safe all around the world Number one foreign policy goal Every decision we make around the world is based on this idea are we contain communism 100 percent of the time the answer will be yes Every foreign policy choice we make between 1947 and 1989 is filtered between that ideas of containment Containment drives our choices 3 Marshall Plan George Marshall came up with economic component part of Truman Doctrine called the Marshall Plan that only applies to Europe The Marshall Plan will over low interest or no interest loans to European countries needing to rebuild their economies There is one little catch if you want our cash you have to make a promise NO COMMUNISM So popular it literally still exists today If you want the money you have to swear no communism swearing to be democratic capitalists We give West Germany France Greece and turkey cash and they are going to become democratic capitalists If these countries want to keep getting American cash they need to spend it on American companies The Marshall Plan is now linking these European Nations to their economy and our ideas The Soviet Union does not like this They notice the Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan and are not going to just sit around 4 Berlin Airlift The Soviet Union is going to respond In 1948 Stalin decides East Germany needs to work on bridges railroads roads He gives them money and troops to work on all of this stuff What he does to these roads bridges railroads is cut them off between West and East Germany Every link to West Berlin is closed for road work They aren t actually working on road but shutting them down so stuff cannot be transferred In June of 1948 when this takes place only has 36 days of supplies to feed and fuel city of West Berlin Without roads West Germany cannot get stuff to West Berlin He is basically making West Berlin has for help from communists thinking west Germany will give up in result expanding communism The people in West Berlin needs supplies so the United States airlifts them what they need For the next 11 months the United States will deliver 1 500 pounds of food per day Dropped by air into West Berlin and 3 500 pounds of coal The United States is paying for all of this which is a lot of money We