History Lecture 4 16 15 The End of the Cold War Key Terms Iran Iraq War Glasnost Perestroika and Gorbachev Berlin Wall I America s 1980s Global Politics A Nicaragua and the Sandinistas In the early 1980s the people of Nicaragua elected a communist government 1 2 The communists of Nicaragua were known as Sandinistas a Not everyone was happy that the Sandinistas had taken over 1 Contras 3 US sided with Contras a Wanted to get Democratic Capitalism Back a Would not send troops to Nicaragua as we had lost a lot in Vietnam b Sent money and weapons 1 Sent mines so that Nicaragua could blow up ships coming in from Cuba 2 Blew up a British ship c Congress passes a law saying that US could not send weapons to the Contras B Iran Iraq War Iran a 1 In 1953 Iran had a Democratic government that was not communist but was becoming less friendly with American oil companies 1 CIA overthrew government of Iran to place a king Shah 2 Shah allowed oil to continue to be given to US b In 1979 college students overthrow the Shah based on Islam 1 The Shah had cancer and was in the US for treatment 2 Want the Shah to come home so that they can kill him 3 US freezes all money in Iran c Leaders of revolution take over US embassy in Iran and hold hostages for over a year 2 Saddham Housein Leader of Iraq a b 1981 Invades Iran to take it over c Iraq and Iran are at war for over 9 years 1 Over one million people die d US begins to send money and guns to Iraq C Iran Contra Affair 1 Eventually uses them against his own citizens and then the US 1 Iran wants fighter Jets which we gave to Iraq a We begin to sell them to Iran and give the money to the Contras 2 Oliver North a Worked at the pentagon mid level paper pusher b Shredded the files between Iran and the Contras D Afghanistan 1 1979 Soviet Union invades Afghanistan with tanks weapons troops a Occupy and attempt to turn Afghanistan into a communist government b Similar to US in Vietnam 2 Mujahideen and Jihad were great for the US because they were not communists a US gave them money and weapons 3 Osama Bin Laden a Joins the Mujahideen 4 By 1987 the Soviet Union ceases sending troops 5 Th US has successfully stopped the spread of communism 6 The Majahideen change their names to the Taliban II Decline and Fall of the Soviet Union A Internal Crisis and Unhappy Satellites 1 The Soviet Union is made up of 16 Republics a Not all Russian 1 Kazakhstan Ukraine Estonia Lithuania Latvia b Dominated by Russia 2 Satellites a In the 1960s all of the satellites underwent revolutions and had them crushed by Russian tanks 3 Soviet economy is declining B Glasnost Perestroika and Gorbachev 1986 1989 1 Glasnost a Openness b Allow people to critique and criticize the government in the hope that you can take that critique and use it to make it better 1 People become angrier 2 Perestroika a Restructuring communist economy with a dash of capitalism b Offers incentive to those who improve productivity 1 Cars bread better apartments c Not enough to dramatically change the economy d Alcohol 1 Workers come to work hungover or not at all 2 Alcohol becomes rationed 3 People critique this Glasnost a Created these policies to create a better Soviet Union 3 Gorbachev C Berlin Wall 1 1989 a East Berlin has poor standard of living especially compared to West Berlin b East and West Berlin discuss giving East Berlin access to West Berlin c November 9th 1989 1 Someone from East Berlin says they re going to open the gates 2 People from East Berlin flood the gates to West Berlin 3 Soldiers stop them but do not know what to do 4 Germans begin to tear down the wall until East Germany gives the order to just let them go d Within one month East and West Germany are a unified Democratic Capitalist Germany 2 December 1991 Soviet Union votes to disband as a nation III The End of the Cold War A Communism still exists 1 Korea Vietnam Cuba China