Key Terms EO 9981 Brown vs Board of Education 1954 CRA 1964 and VRA 1965 Emmett Till Black Panthers History Lecture 4 9 15 The Civil Rights Movement Not Chronological I Desegregation A EO 9981 1 Plessy vs Ferguson 1896 a Segregation is legally allowed across the United States 2 NAACP a National Assossiation for the Advancement of Colored People 3 June 1948 Harry Truman a Not organized by the NAACP b Came through Truman as Commander in chief 4 Officially desegregates all branches of the US military a First American institution to be desegregated B Brown vs Board of Education 1954 1 Topeka Kansas a Segregated Public School system b Linda Brown 1 School closest to where she lives is a white school 2 Parents sue Topeka Board of Education 2 NAACP puts top lawyer on the case Thurgood Marshall a Case goes all the way to the Supreme Court b Brings in psychologists to demonstrate effects of children with unequal educations 1 Doll Test doll a Little children are presented with a black doll and a white b Children are asked which is prettiest safer and better c Children answer the white doll 3 9 0 Segregation in the schools is wrong It will damage the psyche of our nation if we continue to let this happen Local School Districts got to decide how to desegregate a b Little Rock Nine C 1 Nashville Every single kindergarten class would be desegregated a Not first twelfth grade b 13 years to fully desegregate Nashville schools 2 Little Rock Would segregate one school at a time a Central High Fall 1957 1 2000 white students 2 Board took applications from black students at other schools 3 Hundreds of applications accepts nine b Governor is up for reelection 1 White population of Little Rock does not like the 9 black students 2 Governor makes statement First day of school a Orders Arkansas national guard to surround Central High School and refuse entry to the 9 black students c NAACP gets a hold of 8 of the 9 and tell them not to go 3 Elizabeth Eckertt a Surrounded by men and women who scream in her face b White woman tries to get them to back off c d For a week the students don t go near the school while photographs of this Sits at bus stop for a long time and waits for the bus 4 101st Airborne is sent in to make sure that African Students get in girl become viral a Stationed in hallways 1 Not classrooms restrooms locker rooms 2 8 of 9 finish out the year 5 Next year Little Rock closes all of the schools to not have to desegregate a Takes 2 years to get everything back on track D Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955 1 Rosa Parks a Officer for Montgomery NAACP b December 1st 1955 1 Riding bus home from work 2 White man asks for a seat and Rosa says no on purpose 3 Bus driver calls police 2 Martin Luther King Jr a Calls other churches together to boycott the busses b Supposed to be for only one day 3 So successful that they continued until they got desegregated busses a 11 months Novemeber 1956 b Supreme Court says desegregate the buses E Nashville Sit Ins 1 James Lawson Minister of 1st Baptist Church a Organized classes of civil disobedience b 20 30 young college students practiced the act of non violence 1 Even though they would get beat up they would not fight back a Protect themselves 2 Practice insults and getting beaten up 2 Spring 1960 a Woolworth s department store restaurant 1 Students SNCC come in a sit at the counter a Not allowed b Say they will leave when they are served c John Lewis Dragged off the stool 2 Owners call police a Denied phone call b Prisons became overcrowded 3 Next group of students came in to sit at the counter b Woolworth s calls meeting with Jim Lawson as their sales were dropping 1 Lawson organizes a march of about 5 000 African Americans behind the college kids 2 Diane Nash leader of the group a Asks mayor if he believes it is right to discriminate on the color of their skin b Mayor says that it is wrong to discriminate c Lunch counters become desegregated 3 Students continue to desegregate other places II Freedoms A March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom 1963 1 2 Leaders of various desegregation groups NAACP SNCC I Have a Dream a Draws 200 000 people B 15th Amendment Loopholes and voter registration 1 Poll taxes literacy tests and grandfather clauses 2 3 Voter registration drives Intimidation of potential voters C Selma to Montgomery March to be able to register to vote 1 80 of Selma was black 1 blacks could vote 2 Attempt 1 Cops stop them 3 Attempt 2 Turned around 4 Attempt 3 Bloody Sunday a Cross the bridge and are met with tear gas dogs b John Lewis 1 Gets skull bashed in 2 Becomes a congressman 3 Introduces Obama at Selma 50th Anniversary D CRA 1964 and VRA 1965 1 Civil Rights Act of 1964 CRA a Prohibits segregation in all public areas b Prohibits discrimination in employment based on race gender ethnicity religion etc 2 Voting Rights Act of 1965 VRA a Prohibits literacy test poll taxes and grandfather clauses used to discriminate against voters b Allows the federal government to register voters if states refuse 3 Not Constitutional Amendments a VRA has had some provisions not renewed III Violence A Emmett Till 14 yrs old 1954 1 Visiting Mississippi from Chicago 2 Went into a White General Store and whistled at the woman at the counter a Cousins grabbed him and ran b Woman s husband was the owner c Husband and Brothers kidnapped him and drove him to the river 1 Tortured him and threw him in the river 3 Mother asks for open casket publicity 4 Men who killed him are arrested and put on trial a Not Guilty after one hour b Till Family had to flee the state a Were shunned by community B Medgar Evers 5 2 years later men gave an interview describing how they killed Emmett Till 1 Veteran of WWII and had trouble getting a job when he returned 2 Joined NAACP a Gets first field job in Jackson Mississippi 1 Works for 10 years 3 Summer 1963 Months before the March on Washington a Evers was heading to his front door when he was assassinated b Wife found him took him to Jackson Hospital and they refused him because it was a white hospital C Black Panthers 1 Oakland California a Working class town b Naval Ships made for WWII 1 Jobs opened for blacks 2 Became predominantly black c Everybody was poor 2 Adopted Two Sets of Goals a Wanted to advocate self defense 1 Disagreed approach of non violence 2 They carry visible weapons wherever they go to defend themselves b Combat poverty 1 Free Health Clinics 2 Free breakfast and lunches for school children 3 Seen as bad …