Child development notes 08 28 2014 Child development Development refers to change but not all change refers to change in nature Developmental change takes place the child s world changes When you put a child on its back it s called the supine position Prone position is on baby s stomach Putting a child early on in the prone position facilitate early development Babies need stimulation in order to grow they explore the world proactively creating developmental change Squirming crawling standing walking developmental change Around 12 months they can pull up on furniture Developmental change 2 types 1 Physical ex Walking 2 Emotional ex Playing with others 3 Mental ex Understanding language 1 foot headfirst drop can cause brain damage Development refers to the gradual accumulation and integration of relatively permanent age related change in biological and psychological systems through transactions w the environment If children do not meet development milestones on time then It could disrupt development Developmental change is irreversible Walking 19 months speaking understandable words 14 months Development can happen early if you are prepared and on top of it 4 months a child will successfully lay on her back in her crib and will grasp dangly 5 months if child cant grab that object anymore that s regressing progress not good Regressive behaviors are unlikely to self correct Piaget cognitive theory ecology the study of the relationships b t living organisms and their environments Development at risk Risk opposite of opportunity all the influences that threaten to undermine development and sacrifice the child s potential Incompetent 1st grade teacher outside factor that undermines development Opportunity notion of what we bring to our kids to help child s development reach an optimal level the tendency to fall prey to risk is vulnerability Low self esteem is vulnerability Comes from inside that undermines development Resilience set of factors inside of children that help them to transcend difficult times or risks that come from outside Bouncing back from bad things happening Divorce Chapter 3 conception and prenatal development 08 28 2014 Prenatal stage of development the period that begins with conception and ends with the birth of the newborn infant Involves opportunity risk and vulnerability Opportunity a healthy couple decide to conceive a child and have sexual intercourse at the precise moment that a viable egg has been ovulated Risk the baby may be exposed to potentially harmful agents that distort development Vulnerability may derive from genetic factors within the developing fetus that can interfere with the normal process of development and defy intervention Resilience makes it possible to overcome many or all risk factors most valuable source for advice gyno difference b t conception pregnancy 50 of fertilized eggs a week later fail to implant in the uterus Male reproductive system know the parts Semen is a fluid for carrying sperm cells sperm cells are produced in the testes Testes are located in the Scrotum sac Testicles must descend in 5 7 months on their own If they don t surgery must happen increased rate for testicular cancer Testicles can only produce healthy high quality sperm at 4 degrees below normal body temperature in Males 94 6 and below If temp f the testicles are raised it will destroy the sperm cells that are in production Female reproductive system Cervix is an extension of the uterus gateway into the reproductive system protects from bacteria Uterus Endometrium interior lining of the uterus after ovulation and conception it gets ready for the arrival of the fertilized egg to allow for fails about half the time takes 1 week from conception to implantation o Once you ovulate the egg is developed in a follicle corpus lutem it then develops progesterone which prepares the endometrium Fallopian tubes Where conception takes place have muscles in the walls once there are problems they are irreversible Ovarys 2 of them alternate to ovulate eggs Ovarian reserve measure of your fertility number of eggs Mentrual cycle 28 days begins with the first day on of the last available period o orchestration and sequence of events in the reproductive process in the female o orchestrated by hormones that are stimulated in the woman s body Male Infertility Female infertility Laptops are increase chances of infertility Physical injury s to the male parts Erectile dysfunction failure to get an erecting can happen drunk high Endometriosis a buildup in the fallopian tubes of sloughed off endometrial cells from the uterus is a common cause of infertility in women o No known method of prevention o Older the woman the more common Polycystic Ovary Syndrome he surface of the ovary becomes overwhelmed by cysts which causes irregularity in menstrual periods and interfere with the normal process of ovulation Prolonged use of alcohol by women results in reduction in Luteinizing Hormone LH and Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH with corresponding reductions in fertility o follicle stimulating hormone stimulates the ovaries and the ovaries begin ripening the eggs o Luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland is the actual stimulus to ovulation first stage of your cycle follicular stage second stage is luteal stage varies in woman Cervical hostility failure for the cervix mucus to thin out to provide transfer of sperm to the uterus Prenatal development Prenatal development 266 days from the date of fertilization to the birth of the baby first 2 weeks Trimester 3 month long time period 3 of them Period of the zygote first 2 weeks after conception Period of the embryo 6 weeks long begins at the end of the second week and extends to the end of the eighth week Fetal stage third and final period of prenatal development Period of the zygote add blastocyst By the beginning of the second week the hollow fluid filled ball of cells is referred to as the implantation Seven to nine days after fertilization the blastocyst embeds itself into the endometrial lining of the uterus in a process known as ectoderm outermost layer that develops into the brain Spinal cord the nerves and skin mesoderm the intermediate layer forms the skeletal system muscles heart and kidneys endoderm innermost layer becomes the digestive tract respiratory sysem pancreas and liver cephalocaudal principle describes a growth trend from head to toe with growth of the head proceeding at a more rapid rate than the lower parts of the body
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