CHD2220 Chapter 3 1/16/2013Chapter 3: Conception and Prenatal Development Conception• Infertility o Problems that may arise: Finding an Infertility specialist• If you think you have fertility problems, go to your typical doctor firs.t They will screen you and give you a few recommendations. • 3 to 4 months later when those suggestions don’t work, your typical doctor will then refer you to a fertility specialist. This will about 1, 2 months to contact and book an appointment..• Once there, you will only meet with the specialist for about 20 minutes. o Therefore, you should go in prepared and informed, in which you have done your research, and ask questions. The more you know, the more you will get out of the appointment information wise, and most likely, the longer the appointment. • Male Reproductive Systemo Parts of the male reproductive system. Penis Testicles• - Are located down in the sac- the scrotum-. Although most people think the scrotum produces the sperm, the testicles actually do! The testicles are the storage and production place of sperm. Before boys are born, the testicles are up in the abdominal cavity, and a couple of days before they are born, they descend down through canals down into the scrotum. Sometimes, this doesn’t happen. Therefore, they go into surgery to bring the testicles down where they belong. If your testicles don’t descend, even after surgery, you will then be infertile. • The testicles are in the scrotum because they must be kept several degrees below body temperature in order to produce live, healthy, sperm. Therefore, with the testicles being down in the scrotum sac, they are able to cool off below body temperature. • Infertility issueso Males may have problems with keeping their testicles cool and protected. Below are some examples of what men do that increase infertility.CHD2220 Chapter 3 1/16/2013 Underwear- if they are too close to the body for too many hours, it can cause the testicles to heat up and lower sperm count. - not permanent, but is temporary. Wear Boxers! Long-distance bike riding: While biking, the testicles rest against the seat of the bike in which reduced sperm count. (includes off road biking) This can also cause damage to the prostate which creates the semen that delivers the sperm to where it needs to go. ( this is not temporary!) Athletics- Hot whirlpool baths and saunas, for 45 or 50 min or more will also reduce sperm count which will last a couple of days. Showering is fine but deep hot baths will reduce sperm count. Laptops- the heat of the laptops- cooks the testicles ( they also cook your ovary’s!!! Heating pads- may also reduce sperm count if left on too long. Testicles and Sports• Both young boys, adolecents, and men play a lot of sports where they get kicked in the groin a lot. When they do, the repeated damage can cause scar tissue which move the sperm cells and semen etc. That scaring can kink up the chords and cause infertility .• The biking and the bar story which can cause blood clots, etc. to the organs. o *** you do not protect little boys groins enough! All that damage can add up and cause infertility problems in males which are frankly not irreversible and it is an issue. oo Problem with sperm: Abnormal tails, too slow, etc. o Circulation system that supplies the testicles: Veins- runs from the testicles to the body cavity.• Sometimes these veins can get knotted or clogged up. Its called a varicose veins- knotting up of veins. This can happen in the veins coming from the testicles- it’s called the veriocseal. It looks like a bump on the testicle. It is important because if a knot is there, it could be vericoseal, not that big of a deal and can be treated, but it can also be testicular cancer, which is a lot more serious. Also, most likely the vericoseal, causes pain. • More Issues with Infertility:CHD2220 Chapter 3 1/16/2013o Marijuana and Alcohol Marijuana significantly reduces sperm count and the mobility of the sperm which causes the sperm to not swim very well. What happens is that as soon as the male ejaculates, the sperm start swimming like crazy because they are high in a hyperactive way as soon as they ejaculate. What happens is when you want to get pregnant, the sperm shouldn’t be so active because they need to save all of their energy to the fallopian tube because they have to swim harder. Aka when they get to the fallopian tube and they are high, they are tired and they can’t make it into the fallopian tube. Also, if the woman is smoking, the same thing happens. It gets within the secretion to the vagina and as soon as the sperm gets into the vagina, the liquids make them do the same thing. If both individuals are smoking, then the outcome is even worse. Marijuana and babies don’t mix! It doesn’t mean you can’t get pregnant, but it lowers your chance. * we do not know long term affects!* as far as we know, both genders will recover after a few days but if you abuse something for a very long time, we think it will create long term effects. Alcohol- Is worse than Marijuana. When a man drinks he reduces sperm count and sperm motility. The more he drinks, the more damage he does to his sperm, and the longer he does it over time, the more damage he does not only to the sperm but also the testicles and the cells that create the sperm. This can cause permanent damage to his sperm cells. Alcoholics- You already do some damage his fertility if he gets drunk a few nights a week or parties etc. he reduces sperm count on a daily basis but also damages to the cells that generate the sperm as well as damage to his testicular tissue.o Ejaculation Problems: Premature Ejaculation• Not good when your trying to get pregnant. For some men, premature ejaculation is chronic. But then it gets psychological and is embarrassed and doesn’t want to ejaculate which can actually degrade his sexuality and can decrease how often you have sex and you do not have babies this way. What do you do? You try to seek some help! Aka find a licensed sex therapist. They will tell you how to participate in foreplay in ways in which he will not premature ejaculate. Erectile Dysfunction• More common in older males but is present in young males as well. Alcohol is a big factor in this! Erectile dysfunction in men is very reparable and fixable. Some of it is solved by a sex therapist, and some can be solved by drugs. They are
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