THALIDOMIDE-In the early 1960s, 7,000-10,000 babies were born in several countries with severe physical deformities, most notably small, flipper-like appendages in place of the arms or legsDES- babies appeared normal at birth, but at adolescence, some girls developed a rare form of vaginal or cervical cancer.Accutane- many babies are still being born each year with severe birth defects (of the brain, heart, and face) in instances where the woman either was unaware she was pregnant or borrowed the drug from friends and therefore did not know its potential effects.fetal growth restriction-Babies born of mothers who smoke weigh several ounces less at birth than babies of nonsmoking mothersfetal alcohol spectrum disorder-Women who drink heavily during pregnancy have a high risk of giving birth to a baby with a condition known as characterized by intellectual deficiency as well as a combination of deformities of the face, brain, heart, genitals, bones and joints, and growth retardation.neonatal abstinence syndrome- when use of heroin or methadone, a pattern of problems that can be life-threatening symptoms are highly variable, but often include tremors, seizures, vomiting, and fever . In extreme cases, the newborn may die if drug treatment is not given immediately after birth.Cocaine-significantly increase the likelihood of spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery and stillbirth. Babies who do survive are likely to be born preterm, at lower birth weight and with abnormally small head circumference and other malformationsmethamphetamines or meth use- by pregnant women has increased substantially in recent years, and is now second only to marijuana as a drug of choice during pregnancyRubella-is an infection that causes mild cold symptoms and a rash in adults. If a mother contracts rubella during the first trimester of her pregnancy, the fetus is likely to be affected. Fetal rubella syndrome may result in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth; if the fetus survives, its problems may include intellectual deficiency as well as deafness or malformation of the eyes, ears, and/or heartHerpes- is a very common sexually-transmitted disease that causes painful genital sores in adults. Two forms of herpes virus are epidemic in the United States and both have severe effects on the fetus. It is estimated that 1 in every 5 women of childbearing age has the disease in the United States.cytomegalovirus -is a highly infectious disease whose symptoms resemble a mild cold. Unfortunately, the virus is not always accompanied by symptoms, and CMV can hide in the mother's system and affect the fetus when the mother becomes pregnant. .The primary problem, however, is when a pregnant mother is infected during a pregnancy. Primary infection in the mother results in a 30%-40% transmission to the fetus. Fortunately ,most infected infants show no effects of the disease, but approximately 1% of babies who contract the disease suffer intellectual disability, hearing loss, and psychomotor problemsAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS- is a progressive weakening of the immune system by the human immunodeficiency virus or (HIV). In infected adults, the weakened immune system creates extreme vulnerability to infection and certain types of cancer.protease inhibitors-combined with cesarean delivery will reduce the transmission rate to near zero (Center for Disease Control, 2012). Thus, these results would suggest there is no medical reason for the infection of the unborn children of infected mothers. Toxoplasmosis-is an infection caused by a parasite found in the intestines of infected cats and birds, in some raw meats, and from vegetables that contain soil residue from gardens.Pregnant women should avoid mercury, toluene, phthalates because they are harmful chemical agents that can enter the placenta.prenatal care- prenatal development, and the outcome of pregnancy are highly dependent on the health of the mother. The approach she and professionals take to ensure her well-being and the fetus' well-being during pregnancy.The first weeks of pregnancy are critical for the formation of the embryo, but this growth does not involve large increases in mass; the mother's weight gain is typically no more than three pounds in the first trimester. The rate then increases to a steady gain of nearly one pound per week during the second and third trimesters, for a total increase of 24-27 pounds at term. Approximately 10-11 pounds of the added weight is due to the fetus, amniotic fluid, and fetal membranes; the remainder is fat deposits in the mother. A mother within the normal body weight range should gain from 25-35 pounds during pregnancy.WIC- provides grants to states supplementation of nutrition for low-income babies, nutrition education for parents, and referrals for children's health care needs, provides services to more than 8 million children at a cost of over 5 billion dollars per year in the United States.Heredity- the genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring.Cells-Your body is composed of billions of biological unitsOutline for Family and Child Development Test 1Thousands of scientists around the world apply the scientific method to the study of children. The results of these studies have produced a broad understanding of the causes and context of child development and the ability to predict the course of children's development.Development- refers to the changes that we see in children over relatively long periods of time that have significant impact on their lives. Also is the gradual accumulation and integration of relatively permanent, age related changes in the biological and psychological systems through transactions with the environment. Example of a NON Developmental Change- suppose a three-year old girl wants a toy that her four year old brother is playing with. She begins to yell GIMMEEE and then escalates to whining and crying, the change in her behavior is not typically considered developmental.Example of a Developmental Change- When she eventually abandons whining and for the first time offers her brother a cookie to encourage him to share, their is a change from whining to the more sophisticated strategy which is considered developmental.Understanding and anticipating developmental changes in children's lives can be most useful toparents and professionals who deal with children on a daily basisDevelopmentalist- researchers and practitioners who study the development
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