Explain how development is transactional The child affects the environment as much as the environment affects the child Chapter 1 What 3 characteristics does development contain 1 Gradual2 Accumulates3 Relatively permanent What kinds of things could cause Regression trauma illness injury abuse deprivation Who came up with the ecological theory Brofenbremer Psychological def of Ecology Microsystem Study of transactions btw an active growing human being and the settings in which they live Children interact with family peers daycarefamily is dominant force Relationship among elements of microsystem like family daycare Social supports to family available in the community neighbors job Cultural context of development societal values on children Mesosystem Exosystem Macrosystem Risk Opportunity Something that threatens to undermine development Sacrifices potential Something that supports development promotes realization of potential outside influence Optimal Development happens when the opportunities outweigh the risks Usually happens to those well off economically Resiliance Overcome threats to development Vulnerability Tendency to fall prey to risk Martin Barrie Period is made of blood endometrial cells 3 steps of menstrual cycle 1843Came to conclusion that sperm and egg unite to form fetus 1 At end of period pit gland stimulates growth of several eggs 1 egg ripens2 After 14 days egg breaks through ovary ovulation 3 1 week after ovulation thick blood lining forms Which hormone stimulates endometrium to prepare for egg Progesterone Rates of infertility 1 6 couples10 6 causes of male infertility Difference between alcohol and weed effects on sperm Alcohol reduces sperm countWeed causes hyperactivity 5 causes of female infertility overheating of testes undescended testes injury to testes varacocle leading cause can be fixed w surgery chronic use of alcohol marijuana testicular cancer premature ejaculation erectile issues endometriosis polycystic ovary syndrome chronic use of alcohol hostile cervix cervical mucus corpus lutium failure Endometriosis Endometrial cells build up in tubes Chronic alcohol use in females Reduces lutenizing hormone and follical stimulating hormone Corpus Lutium Produces progesterone to stimulate endometrium to enlarge with blood if this organ fails implantation fails How long is the prenatal stage of development 266 days38 weeks How long are each of the periods of prenatal devel Germinal period 2 weeksPeriod of the embryo 6 weeksPeriod of the fetus 30 weeks Period of the zygote 3 days egg is in tube and 7 9 days of implantation 36 hours first mitosis day 14 3 germ layers embryo Skeletal muscles kidneys heart Ectoderm CNS and skin Mesoderm Endoderm Period of Embryo Period of Fetus Cephalocaudal Principal Digestive tract respiratory system pancreas liver 3rd 8th weeks organogenesis critical periods heart beat at 4th week 9th week birth quickening 16 18 weeks AGE OF VIABILITY 26 WEEKS impossible before 24th week Growth trend from head to toe Proximodistal Principal Development proceeds from center out Anencephy Baby born with no brain DES taratogen Accutane effects Birth defects in brain heart and face FASD effects Deformities intellect deficiancy Synthetic estrogen to prevent miscarriages Affected sex organs of baby boys Heroine Meth effects Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome withdrawal preterm low weight high pitched screams can t be soothed Meth small head ADHD aggrerssion Cocain Crack effects Vasoconstrictor small head miscarriages Rubella effects Malfunction of eyes ears death Herpes cytomegalovirus effects 1 suffers hearing loss and intellectual issues What is used to help from spreading HIV AIDS c section protease inhibitors Toxoplasmosis effects from parasite death heart disease blindness Toluene effects used by sniffers effects like FASD Phthalates effects found in cosmetics less genital devel in guys Follic Acid Folate effects If taken 6 8 months before pregnancy can reduce neural tube disorder by 1 2 Tobacco effects Lose 1 2 baby weight withdrawal death vasoconstrictor Total weight gain in mom 24 27 lbs 10 from fetus goods rest is fat in boobs hips Nutrition change during pregnancy Effects of healthy light exercise 300 more iron60 more protein exercise may reduce c sections Reaction Range and Opportunity Structures variation of phenotypic expression upper end of Gene reg when genes turned on off by exposure of cells to spec effects of environment 1 Phenylketonuria2 Tay Sachs Disease can t metabolize fat 3 Sickle cell anemia Epigenesis 3 Recessive Diseases 2 Sex linked Carrier Disease 1 Color blindness2 Hemophilia 5 Chromosome Abnormalities 1 Down Syndrome2 Klinefeltters Syndrome XXY more feminine man 3 Turner Syndrome Part of XX missing less feminine girls 4 Fragile X Syndrome males devel large features 5 XXX Syndrome super female causes intellect damage Chapter 3 Blastocyst embryonic disk trophoblast implantation amnion amniotic fluid stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells in the blastocyst the inner layer of cells which will go on to form the embryo The outer layer of cells that develops in the germinal period These cells provide nutrition and support for the embryo The process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall Membrane that encloses the embryo in protective amniotic fluid fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo it forms the fetal part of the placenta chorion placenta umbilical chord embryo neural tube A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother s blood supply What attaches the fetus to the placenta and allows for nutrient exchange An organism in the earliest stage of development A tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body just dorsal to the notochord It will give rise to the central nervous system The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth fetus lanugo trimester three equal time periods age of viablility teratogen FASD Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder fine downy unpigmented hair that appears on the fetus in the last 3 months of development 26 weeks the earliest age at which the baby can survive outside of the womb Agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm fetal alcohol syndrome partial fetal alcohol syndrome FAS p FAS ARND Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder Rh factor
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