Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Digestion Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Nutrient claims Nutrient claims Good Source 10 19 of DV High Source 20 of DV Low Source 5 or less Except for fiber High fiber 5g or more serv Good source of fiber 2 5 4 9 g serv More or added fiber at leat 2 5 g serv more Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition CLICKERS CLICKERS The Daily Value on the Nutrition Facts Panel is based on a diet of how many calories A 1500 kcal B 1800 kcal C 2000 kcal D 2500 kcal E none of these Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Digestion Digestion Digestion breaking down foods into nutrients absorbable units Prepare for absorption Absorption uptake of nutrients by cells of small intestine for transport into blood or lymph Order of processes Digestion Absorption Transportation Metabolism Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Digestion Digestion is A Challenging task Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Anatomy of Digestive Anatomy of Digestive Tract Tract Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition LABEL DIAGRAM LABEL DIAGRAM epiglottis pharynx Mouth Salivary glands Trachea esophagus Esophageal sphincter diaphragm stomach pyloric sphincter liver Gallbladder Bile Duct Appendix Small Intestine Large Intestine Pancreas Ileocecal Valve Large Intest Pancreatic Duct Rectum Anus Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Anatomy of the Digestive Anatomy of the Digestive Tract Tract Gastrointestinal GI tract Flexible and muscular tube Path Mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus Lumen space within GI tract continuous from one end to the other Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Anatomy of the Digestive Anatomy of the Digestive Tract Tract Mouth Organ where process of digestion begins Mastication chewing mixing food with saliva Four basic taste sensations sweet sour bitter salty savory Savory flavor associates w MSG Aroma texture and temperature smell1 000 times more sensitive than taste Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition MouthMouth Pharynx short tube shared by digestive and respiratory systems Directs food from mouth to esophagus Forms Bolus mouthful of food chewed swallowed amount swallowed at one time Esophagus passes food from mouth to stomach Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Esophagus Esophagus Two sphincters 1 Upper esophageal sphincter opens during a swallow located near trachea Bolus slides through a hole in diaphragm to stomach prevents backflow from esophagus to mouth 2 Lower esophageal sphincter cardiac prevents backflow from stomach to esophagus Sphincter circular muscle surrounding able to close a body opening regulate flow of food particles allow food to slide down Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Diaphragm Diaphragm Set of muscles forms dome Separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Stomach Stomach Movement of bolus from esophagus to Stomach adds acid enzymes fluid and churns mixes grinds food into liquid mass ONLY protein digested in stomach Chyme semisolid mass of partly digested food expelled by stomach into duodenum Pyloric sphincter opens into small intestine close behind chyme allows passage from stomach into small intestine Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Important Organs Important Organs Liver makes bile to assist with fat digestion Gallbladder stores bile until needed Pancreas Makes enzymes to digest CHO PRO and FAT Releases bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme going into small intestine Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Small Intestine Small Intestine Intestinal glands secrete enzymes that digest all three energy yielding nutrients CHO PRO FAT into smaller nutrient particles Cell wall absorbs nutrients into blood and lymph Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Small intestine Small intestine 10 feet coiled within abdomen Common bile duct location where gall bladder and pancreatic duct meet chyme bypasses this opening dripping fluids goes into small intestine Pancreas and gall bladder fluids from these drip into small intestine Three segments Duodenum Jejunem Ileum Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Illeocecal sphincter Illeocecal sphincter valve valve Lower right side of abdomen Allows passage from small intestine to large Prevents backflow from large intestine to intestine small intestine Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Large intestine colon Large intestine colon Large intestine withdrawal of water as contents pass to the rectum semisolid wastes Ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon Rectum and anus Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Appendix Appendix Located near the end of the small intestine beginning of large intestine Stores lymph cells Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Transverse colon Ascending colon End of small intestine Opening from small intestine to large intestine Appendix Rectum Anus Descending colon Sigmoid colon Stepped Art Fig 3 2 p 72 Clicker Time Clicker Time In which part of the digestive system does digestion first begin and which nutrient begins to break down A Small intestine PRO B Mouth CHO C Colon FATS D Duodenum CHO E Esophagus PRO Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Muscular Action of Muscular Action of Digestion Digestion Peristalsis Stomach Action Segmentation Sphincter Contractions Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Muscular Action of Muscular Action of Digestion Digestion Peristalsis wavelike muscular contractions tightening and constriction of GI tract that push contents along Circular and longitudinal muscles working together Rate and intensity of contractions vary Quick in stomach slower in small intestine Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Peristalsis Peristalsis Just after a meal waves are slow continuous When GI tract empty quiet except for periodic bursts of power waves Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Factors that may interfere with peristalsis Stress Certain medications Medical conditions Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Muscular Action of Muscular Action of Digestion Stomach Digestion Stomach Whitney Rolfes Understanding Nutrition 12th Edition Muscular Action of Muscular Action of Digestion Digestion Stomach action 3 sets of muscles Circular
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