Nutrition Notes !Chapter 9!Oct 30, 2013!!Overweight and Obesity!! Less than 1 in 3 of normal weight!! Growing concern worldwide!! Talking about entire globe!! Continues to increase in esp. women, poor, blacks, hispanics, and children !!Fat Cell Development!During growth period (late childhood and puberty), fat cells increase in number!When energy intake exceeds expenditure, fat cells increase in size!When fat cells have enlarged and energy intake continues to exceed energy expenditure, fat cells increase in number again!With fat loss, the size of the fat cells shrink but not the number (which makes difficult to maintain weight loss)!!Only size of fat cells decreases when energy in < energy out; easier to regain weight !!Obese people have higher LPL activity than lean -> fat storage is more efficient!!Women have more LPL activity in breast, hips, thighs -> pear shape!Men have more LPL activity in abdominal area -> central obesity !!Review: NUMBER, NUMBER and SIZE, SIZE !LPL: enzyme removes fat from blood & into adipose tissue for storage !Set point theory: body trying to maintain its homeostasis of weight!As lose, increases (?)!Leptin - lean (hormone that promotes leanness) !Ghrelin- hunger hormone (increases hunger) Contributes to weight gain by promoting energy storage !!Lack of sleep: (association between overweight and lack of sleep)!Increases Ghrelin (hunger)!Decreases leptin (lean) !White adipose tissue is primary storage center for fat !!Review: GENETIC and ENVIRONMENT!DIET and EXERCISE!BIOLOGICAL !IDENTICAL than FRATERNAL !HYPOTHALAMUS DECREASES INCREASES INCREASES !HYPOTHALAMUS INCREASES INCREASES !WHITE!BROWN HEAT !!review:!MORBID!GHRELIN/HUNGER"SUPPLEMENTATION and MEDICAL SUPERVISION!3 risk factors:"BLOOD LIPID PROFILE!BLOOD PRESSURE!IMPROVES INSULIN
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