Nutrition Notes Class Notes 11 1 13 Fad Diets Highlight 9 Fad Diets Appeal Market for weight loss products is huge 68 of US is overweight or obese Appeal without scienti c background won t recognize that it s not accurate biochemistry Tend to ignore dietary recommendations and allow for indulgences Atkins diet says you can have all the bacon you want and still lose weight Often have scienti c or sophisticated explanations but not necessarily right Someone Tend to work for a short time but aren t long lasting and don t give tips for maintenance Fad diets disregard calories have all the calories you want because they limit food Don t Count kCalories groups designed to have low energy intake which is why they work and why the short term results are there All the limiting makes them have the low calorie counts Lack variety Which you are supposed to have in your diet Don t support optimal health over time because of the eliminating limiting of food groups Too good to be true promise quick and easy weight loss Often recommend dietary supplement want your money Anecdotes vs credible research Specify proportions of macronutrients that do not follow science based Fad Diets How to Identify recommendations Limit food choices and variety Claim to alter genetic code or metabolism Fail to mention risks or cost Neglect weight maintenance plans The Real Deal Weight loss occurs with long term lifestyle changers A healthy plan will have exibility and variety for people to abide by their own preferences Review of fad diets How can you identify Big words that aren t science based not accurate not backed up by the science Super uous promises A lot of weight in a short amount of time Too good to be true Dietary supplement cost concern Nutrition Notes Affects no more than 2 of U S adults same dif culty with changing state as Underweight overweight people high energy intake then just a fat increase but need the muscle too Individual matter might be healthier for them to maintain underweight than Weight gain might be dif cult for those underweight Recommend physical conditioning along with high energy intakes Physical conditioning is so important because you need the lean protein base if just Causes of Underweight Growth demand for energy contributes to underweight boy puberty Genetic tendencies family s set point is underweight Hunger appetite and satiety irregularities Psychological traits anorexia or bulimia nervosa Metabolic factors Adaptive thermogenesis may lead to increased metabolic rate during initial period of Dif cult to gain weight increased intake Key diet planning strategies Must learn new habits and like new foods Choose energy dense foods Regular meals daily at least 3 Large portions use large dishes expect to feel full Extra snacks Drink juice and milk Exercise to build muscles Unsaturated fats where possible Problems of Underweight Susceptible to fad diets Intentional Anorexia vs Unintentional Review Both diet planning and exercise are important parts of a weight gain program Weight gain strategies 1 High calorie uids 2 Learn to like new foods 3 Regulate meals three a day 4 Energy dense snacks 5 Bigger portions and dishes 6 Exercise to build muscle Nutrition Notes Eating Disorders Disturbances in eating behavior that jeopardize a person s physical or psychological health Causes Sociocultural pressure to be thin family attitudes parents with alcoholism Psychological Athletes dancers gymnasts High pressure to maintain weight can lead to disordered eating wrestling cheerleaders Unrealistic expectations of improved performance Lean protein is heavier than fat athlete with obese BMI Unhealthy weight standards Potential health effects for women Amenorrhea absence or cessation of menstruation low blood estrogen infertility bone mineral losses Osteoporosis low calcium intake amenorrhea Stress fractures Female Athlete Triad Eating Disorder Restrictive dieting Overexercising Weight loss Lack of body fat Amenorrhea osteoporosis More frequent in men Muscle dysmorphia Preoccupation with building muscle mass Distorted body image weight frequently preoccupation Eat high protein take supplements weight rain hours at a time may abuse steroids Food deprivation and dehydration practices Common in wrestling gymnastics for weigh in to t a speci c weight class Impair physical performance maybe perform better in bottom of higher weight class because of the side effects unhealthy weight loss Reduce muscle strength Decrease anaerobic power Reduce endurance capacity Preventing Eating Disorders in Athletes Coaches Athletes Discourage unhealthy weight loss Recommend weight control methods be practiced in off season Eat nutrient dense foods frequently so hunger does not control eating Establish reasonable weight goals and time periods to achieve goals Nutrition Notes Performance based goals rather than weight based goals Eating Disorders Three most common eating disorders key is a distorted self image distortion in perception of body shape and weight by self induced vomiting laxative and diuretic misuse fasting or excessive exercise Binge eating disorder includes bulimia nervosa eating behaviors excludes purging Bulimia nervosa characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating usually followed Anorexia nervosa refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight accompanied by Anorexia Nervosa Distorted body image Denial don t realize they have it and can t self diagnose control their need for food and their hunger Central to diagnosis Underlying need for self control Not necessarily lack of hunger just feel they must Impact on the body Amenorrhea Growth ceases and normal development falters Lean tissue loss basal metabolic rate slows Heart becomes weak and thing blood pressure falls Potential for multiple system failure heart kidney liver Loss of brain tissue impaired immune response anemia loss of digestive functions Impacts rain function and judgment Causes lethargy confusion and delirium Treatment Multidisciplinary approach a team of people Food and weight issues Relationships issues with self and others psychological After recovery High mortality rate among psychiatric disorders Cardiac complications or suicide Energy intakes and eating behaviors may not return to normal True incidence is dif cult to establish Secretive nature don t want to be seen consuming or vomiting Not as physically apparent may be of over or normal weight Bulimia Nervosa Distinctly different from anorexia More prevalent than anorexia
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