Chapter 1 Biology The Study of Life Life Properties Evolution Order Regulation Response to Environment Energy Processing Reproduction Growth and Development Emergent Properties Result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system i e Bike Parts They need to be placed correctly in order for the bike to work properly Biology is a multidisciplinary science Living organisms are subject to basic laws of physics and chemistry Concept 1 1 Life can be studied at different levels from molecules to the entire living planet it can be divided into different levels of biological organization Cell is an Organism s basic structure and function All are enclosed by a membrane and use DNA as their genetic information Eukaryotic Cell has membrane enclosed organelles the largest of which is usually the nucleus Prokaryotic Cell is simpler and usually smaller and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA is the substance of Genes Genes are the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring Feedback Mechanisms allow biological processes to self regulate Negative Feedback as more of a product accumulates the process that creates it slows and less of the product is produced Ex Blood Clotting Positive Feedback as more of a product accumulates the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced Ex Contractions during childbirth Evolution Everything we know about biology Organisms are modified decedents of common ancestors Evolution Explains patterns of unity and diversity in living organisms Similar traits among organisms are explained by decedents from common ancestor Concept 1 3 Scientists make observations and then form test hypotheses Inquiry Search for information and explanation Scientific process includes making observations forming logical hypotheses and testing them Data recorded observations Qualitative Data descriptions Ex colors of cars Quantitative Data Recorded measurements Ex Number of cars at time intervals Inductive Reasoning drawing conclusions through logical induction Repeating specific observations can lead to important generalizations Ex All organisms are made of cells Observations and inductive reasoning lead us to as questions and propose hypotheses Role of Hypotheses in inquiry Is a tentative answer to a question Leads to predictions that can be tested by observation Deductive Reasoning General Premises to make specific predictions Ex if organisms are made of cells premise 1 and humans are organisms premise 2 then humans are composed of cells deductive prediction Hypotheses Must be testable and falsifiable Theories in Science Broader in scope than a hypothesis General and can lead to new testable hypotheses Supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis
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