Chapter 49 Organization of the vertebrate nervous system The brain and spinal cord contain Grey Matter which consist of neuron cell bodies dendrites and unmyelinated axons White Matter which consists of bundles of myelinated axons Spinal cord conveys info to and form the brain also produces reflexes independent of the brain Reflex body s automatic response to stimuli Peripheral Nervous System internal environment The PNS transmits info to and form DNA and regulates movement and the In the PNS afferent sensory neurons transmit info to the CNS and efferent motor neurons transmit info away from the CNS PNS has 2 components 1 Motor System carries signals to skeletal muscles and is voluntary 2 Autonomic Nervous system Regulates smooth and cardiac muscles and is general involuntary PNS has 3 divisions 1 Sympathetic division regulates arousal and energy generation 2 Parasympathetic division antagonistic effects on target organs promotes calming and a return to rest and digest functions 3 Enteric Division controls activity of the digestive tract pancreas fight or flight and gall bladder Concept 49 2 The vertebrate brain is regionally specialized Major Brain Areas 1 Fore Brain Largest Part consciousness regulates thirst and hunger integrates sensory info 3 Hind brain rate 1 Cerebrum awareness language cognition memory and 2 Hypothalamus Controls the pituitary gland secreting hormones 2 Mid Brain consists of the superior part of the brain stem revices and 1 Cerebellum coordinates muscle movement 2 Pons and Medulla Internal body functions breathing and heart Lateralization of cortical functions 2 Hemispheres make distinct contributions to brain function Left Language math logic processing of serial sequences Right Pattern Recognition nonverbal thinking emotional Lateralization differences in hemisphere function Corpus Callosum 2 hemispheres work together through communicating processing through fibers Front Lobe function Frontal lobe damage may impair decision making and emotional responses but leaves intellect and memory intact Front lobe Executive functions
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