Exam 2 Review Speech Chapter 5 1 Integrated Listening Model 1 Listening preparation 1 All physical mental and behavioral aspects that create readiness to listen 2 Same aspect as anticipate in strategic flexibility 2 Receiving 1 Process of taking in acquiring or accepting 2 Occurs through the senses 3 Similar to the assessment stage of strategic flexibility 3 Constructing meaning 1 Making sense of the cues signals and impulses you receive while listening 1 What is relevant and how it relates to what you already know 2 Unique ability of humans to construct meaning 3 Selective attention 1 Ability to focus perception vital to constructing meaning 4 Corresponds with evaluation and selection of strategic flexibility 1 Use of verbal and nonverbal messages to convey information or feedback 2 Same as applying in strategic flexibility 4 Responding 5 Remembering 1 Done throughout the listening process 2 Similar to reassessment and reevaluation steps of strategic flexibility 3 Used to determine value and worth of what you have listened to 4 Types of memorization 1 Pattern structure order or format 2 Association 3 Visualization 4 Repetition 2 Four styles of listening 1 People listening 1 Concern for the other person s feelings 2 Seek out common interests and respond to emotions 3 Ex Couples families and best friends 2 Action listening 1 Need for precise error free presentations 2 Focused and on point delivery for quickest possible listening 3 Found in the workplace 3 Content listening 4 Time style listening 1 Pertains to complex challenging and abstract information 2 Listen without emotional involvement and evaluate before making a judgment 1 Brief and hurried interaction 2 Short time frame for relaying information is often understood between participants 3 Ex News anchor receiving information before going on air 3 Six Kinds of Listening Active listening not one of the six kinds but it is present throughout all of the six It is a way of listening that focuses entirely on what the other person is saying and it demonstrates understanding of both the content of the message and the feelings underlying the message to assure accuracy 1 Discriminative listening 1 Most important of the six 2 Sensitive to both verbal and nonverbal changes of communication 1 Changes in others rate volume force pitch emphasis posture body movements gestures facial expression and eye contact 2 Allows you to make sense of the meaning 2 Comprehension listening sense of their message 3 Appreciative listening 1 Understanding what others are saying because you are aware of grasp and can make 2 Depends on fundamentals of vocabulary grammar and syntax 3 Also depends on listeners ability to extract or synthesize key facts from what you hear 1 Listening for pleasure 2 Recreational listening such as standup comedy theater movies radio and TV 4 Critical listening aka evaluative listening 1 You make judgments about what the other person is saying 2 Seeking out the truth of the other person s message 3 4 Steps of critical listening Ideally all communication should be listened to critically 1 Determine the speaker s motives 2 Challenge and question ideas 3 Distinguish fact from fiction or opinion 4 Recognize your own biases 5 Asses the message or determine its value 5 Informative listening 1 Occurs when your primary concern is to understand the message 2 Most common kind of listening in college 3 Used to obtain directions understand others solve problems and share interests 4 Steps to informative listening 1 Identify the central idea 2 Establish supporting evidence 3 Create a mental outline 4 Predict what is to come next 5 Relate information to your own experiences 6 Look for similarities and differences from what you already know 7 Ask questions through interpersonal communication 6 Empathetic listening 1 The process of mentally identifying with the character and experiences of another person Involves the emotional projection of yourself into another s life 2 3 Provides emotional support and creates intimacy 4 Gender differences in listening 1 Women are more likely to be people listeners than men 2 Men and women come from different communication cultures 3 Women are more often interested in relationships and networking while men are interested in competitive communication 1 Avoid listening if subject is too complex difficult or takes too much time 5 Factors and barriers to effective listening 1 Laziness 2 Closed mindedness 1 Refuse to maintain relaxing environment 2 Refuse to relate to the speaker s ideas 3 Opinionatedness 1 Become emotionally excited when speaker s views are different from their own and argue outwardly or internally Insincerity 1 Pay attention to speaker s word rather than the speaker s feelings 2 Avoid eye contact 1 Lack of interest become impatient or daydream while speaker is talking Inattentiveness 1 Focus on speaker s mannerisms and delivery rather than on the message 1 When conflict is felt between speaker and listener due to conflicting attitudes 1 Disturbance in the mind of the listener due to misgivings or worries in the mind of the 1 Desire to have governing influence over the communication situation 2 Listeners seeking control of the conversation do not fully listen 1 The suspension of the rational functions and the reduction of any physical functions to 6 Difficulty of listening 1 Cognitive dissonance 4 6 5 Boredom 2 Anxiety listener 3 Control 4 Passiveness their lowest possible degree 2 Passive listeners believe that listening involves no work 7 The difference between good and poor listeners 1 Good listener 1 Eye contact 2 Attentive and alert 3 Patience 4 Responsive with verbal and nonverbal expressions 5 Ask questions 6 Paraphrase restate or summarize what speaker has said 7 Provide construct feedback 8 Shows interest 9 Doesn t criticize 10 Is open minded 2 Poor listener Interrupts 1 2 Little to no eye contact 3 Distracted or pays no attention to speaker 4 Not interested 5 Gives no feedback 6 Changes the subject 7 Judgmental 8 The percentage of time devoted to various communication skills 8 Closed minded 9 Talks too much 10 Self preoccupied 11 Gives unwanted advice 12 Too busy to listen 1 Listening 45 2 Reading 16 3 Speaking 30 4 Writing 9 Chapter 6 Interpersonal Relationships 1 Factors influencing interpersonal attractiveness 1 Socioeconomic and ethnic background 2 Degrees of intelligence and education 3 Humor and attractiveness 4 Physical Attraction 1 Facial symmetry 5 Perceived gain 6 Similarities