Signature Name Printed Version 1 Exam 4 April 22 2013 BSC 2010 Introductory Biology Part I Knowing the Vocabulary For questions 1 14 identify which word if any fits the given definition as defined by the textbook and vocabulary lists 1 The third stage of food processing in animals the uptake of small nutrient molecules by an 2 An amino acid that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food in organism s body a ingestion b digestion c elimination d absorption e none of the above prefabricated form a essential amino acid b glutamic acid c histamine d pepsin e none of the above a bile b lipase c amylase d hydrolase e none of the above a vein b artery c capillary d leukocyte e none of the above 3 An enzyme that digests proteins by hydrolysis 4 In animals a vessel that carries blood toward the heart 5 A connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells white blood cells and cell fragments called platelets are suspended a lymph b cartilage c hemolymph d bone marrow e none of the above 6 An iron containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen a tubulin b albumin c oxygenase d hemoglobin e none of the above 7 Any relatively unspecialized cell that can produce during a single division one identical daughter cell and one more specialized daughter cell that can undergo further differentiation a erythrocyte b stem cell c neuron d t cell e none of the above 8 A form of defense common to all animals that is active immediately upon exposure to pathogens and that is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously a adaptive immunity b innate immunity c clonal selection d t cell activation e none of the above 9 A group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the inflammatory response enhance phagocytosis or directly lyse extracellular pathogens a complement system b lysozyme c antibody d plasma e none of the above 10 A substance released by mast cells that causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable in inflammatory and allergic responses a histamine b vasodilation c erythropoetin d vasoconstriction e none of the above 11 A protein secreted by plasma cells differentiated B cells that binds to a particular antigen 12 A typically long extension or process of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from a granule b cytokine c antibody d histamine e none of the above the cell body toward target cells a axon b synapse c dendrite d cell body e none of the above 13 An electrical signal that propagates travels along the membrane of a neuron or other excitable cell as a nongraded all or none depolarization a gated voltage b neurotransmitter c refractory period d synaptic signaling e none of the above 14 A type of glial cell that forms insulating myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system a B cell b neurite c stem cell d schwann cell e none of the above Part II Understanding the Homework 15 The essential nutrients for proper human nutrition include a glucose b cellulose c all of the amino acids d active enzymes from plants and or animals e calcium sodium potassium and other minerals 16 Choose the list that presents the four stages of food processing in the order in which they naturally occur a ingestion absorption elimination digestion b ingestion digestion elimination absorption c ingestion digestion absorption elimination d absorption digestion ingestion elimination e digestion ingestion absorption elimination 17 Complex nutrients are digested and then absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream as 18 For ingested foods the first opportunity for digestion of proteins by the enzyme pepsin a enzymes b peptides c polymers d monomers e disaccharides occurs in the a mouth b stomach c pancreas d large intestine e small intestine 19 An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with a vasodilation b vasoconstriction c narrowing of the arteries d a reduction in blood flow in that region e a decreased amount of blood in the capillaries of that vascular bed 20 The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells and the organ where this hormone is synthesized are a cortisol and adrenal gland respectively b erythropoietin and kidney respectively c epinephrine and adrenal gland respectively d growth hormone and pancreas respectively e acetylcholine and bone marrow respectively 21 The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is a the veins b the arteries c the arterioles d the capillaries e the metarterioles a neutrophils b macrophages c dendritic cells d natural killer cells 22 Engulfing phagocytic cells of innate immunity include all of the following except 23 The activation of helper T cells is likely a when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines b when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell c in the bone marrow during the self tolerance test d when B cells respond to T independent antigens e when natural killer NK cells come in contact with a tumor cell 24 The transfusion of type B blood to a person who has type AB blood would result in a no reaction because the AB type individual does not have antibodies for A or B b the recipient s anti A antibodies reacting with the donated red blood cells c the recipient s anti B antibodies reacting with the donated red blood cells d the recipient s B antigens reacting with the donated anti B antibodies e the recipient s A antigens reacting with the donated anti A antibodies 25 The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes rather this wide range of antibody production is due to a DNA rearrangements b alternative splicing of exons after transcription c increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules d rearrangements of cytosolic proteins in the thymus cells e crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecule during meiosis I 26 The operation of the sodium potassium pump moves a sodium and potassium ions into the cell b sodium and potassium ions out of the cell c sodium and potassium ions into the mitochondria d sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell e sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell 27 Most of the neurons in the human brain are a glial cells b interneurons c motor neurons d sensory neurons e peripheral neurons 28 The following steps refer to various stages in transmission at a chemical synapse 1 Neurotransmitter binds with
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