SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 16.1Using Figure 16.1, match the following:1)Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexualcharacteristics at puberty.1)2)Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain.2)3)Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristics.3)4)Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.4)5)Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ.5)1Figure 16.2Using Figure 16.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone targets:6)Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).6)7)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).7)8)Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH).8)9)Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).9)10)Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).10)MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the following:11)An autoimmune problem involvingthe thyroid gland.12)Hyposecretion of growth hormone.13)Hyposecretion of the pancreas.14)Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex.15)Hypersecretion of growth hormone.A)Diabetes mellitusB)AcromegalyC)Pituitary dwarfismD)Graves' diseaseE)Addison's disease11)12)13)14)15)2Match the following:16)Hyposecretion of the thyroid in adults.17)Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex.18)Hypersecretion of growth hormone.19)Hyposecretion of the thyroid ininfants.A)Cushing's diseaseB)MyxedemaC)AcromegalyD)Cretinism16)17)18)19)Match the following:20)The size and shape of a pea; produceshormones that stimulate otherendocrine glands.21)The gland that controls thefight-or-flight reaction.22)Produces hormones that regulateglucose levels in the body.23)Produces a hormone that controlsblood levels of calcium and potassiumby their removal from bone tissue.24)Produces the body's major metabolichormones.A)Adrenal medullaB)PancreasC)HypophysisD)ThyroidE)Parathyroid20)21)22)23)24)3SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 16.3Using Figure 16.3, match the following:25)Produces glucocorticoids.25)26)Produces epinephrine.26)27)Produces aldosterone.27)28)Excess hormone levels result in Cushing’s syndrome.28)29)Hormones mimic sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters.29)30)Produces androgens.30)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.31)In humans, melatonin may inhibit sexual maturation.31)32)The antagonistic hormones that regulate the blood calcium level are calcitonin-parathormone.32)33)The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin.33)34)Addison’s disease is due to a deficit output of glucocorticoids only.34)35)Both "turn on" factors (hormonal, humoral, and neural stimuli) and "turn off" factors (feedbackinhibition and others) may be modulated by the activity of the nervous system.35)436)ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.36)37)LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin.37)38)With age, chronic stress increases blood levels of cortisol and appears to contribute to memorydeterioration.38)39)Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.39)40)Follicle cells of the thyroid gland produce thyroglobulin, while follicle cells of the parathyroidproduce calcitonin.40)41) Type 2 diabetics may reflect declining receptor sensitivity to insulin rather than decreased insulinproduction.41)42)The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis.42)43)The beta cells are the pancreatic islet cells that produce insulin.43)44)Most type 2 diabetics do not produce insulin.44)45)Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid produced in the adrenals but the least abundant.45)46)Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing theurinary excretion of sodium.46)47)Although glucagon is a small polypeptide, it is nevertheless very potent in its regulatory effects.47)48)The thyroid gland is a large gland that controls metabolic functions throughout the life of anindividual.48)49)Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are chemically identical to brainneurotransmitters.49)50)All of the following hormones are secreted by the adenohypophysis: ACTH, FSH, and LH.50)51)Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.51)52)The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person has a high metabolic rate is theparathyroid.52)53)Growth hormone always exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to producehormones.53)54)Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when anindividual is suffering from severe stress.54)55)Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system.55)556)All peptide hormone synthesis requires gene activation that produces mRNA.56)57)All adenohypophyseal hormones except GH affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP secondmessenger.57)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.58)Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of ________.A)insulinB)cortisolC)aldosteroneD)secretin58)59)Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the________.A)adrenal medullaB)thyroid glandC)pancreasD)thymus gland59)60)Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular________.A)second messengersB)deactivatorsC)ionsD)nucleotides60)61)Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus?A)humoralB)hormonalC)neuralD)enzyme61)62)Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolicfunction of other cells in the body are called ________.A)enzymesB)hormonesC)proteinsD)antibodies62)63)The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.A)is the site of prolactin synthesisB)connects the hypophysis to the pituitary glandC)is partly contained within the infundibulumD)conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis63)64)Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?A)polyphagiaB)polydipsiaC)polyuriaD)All of these are signs.64)65)Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptorinteraction?A)strength of the bond between the receptor and hormoneB)blood levels of hormoneC)number of receptors for that hormoneD)type of hormone65)66)Oxytocin ________.A)release is an example of a positive feedback control