SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 8.1Using Figure 8.1, match the following:1)Periosteum.1)2)Articular cartilage.2)3)Joint (synovial) cavity.3)4)Synovial membrane.4)5)Fibrous capsule.5)1Figure 8.2Using Figure 8.2, what type of axis does each joint have?A. NonaxialB. UniaxialC. BiaxialD. Multiaxial6)Joint 1.6)7)Joint 2.7)8)Joint 3.8)9)Joint 4.9)10)Joint 5.10)11)Joint 6.11)2Figure 8.3Using Figure 8.3, identify each type of synovial joint by name.12)Joint 1.12)13)Joint 2.13)14)Joint 3.14)15)Joint 4.15)16)Joint 5.16)17)Joint 6.17)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.18)The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classificationof joints.18)19)All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.19)20)Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.20)321)Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.21)22)The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.22)23)The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirablemovement.23)24)The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.24)25)Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.25)26)A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attachto that joint.26)27)A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior issupination.27)28)The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.28)29)Cruciate ligaments are important ligaments that stabilize all ball-and-socket joints.29)30)Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.30)31)The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.31)32)The ligamentum teres represents a very important stabilizing ligament for the hip joint.32)33)The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and thepresence or absence of a joint cavity.33)34)Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or otherdebris.34)35)A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovialfluids.35)36)A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.36)37)Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.37)38)Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles endingup in the infratemporal fossa.38)39)Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility.39)4MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.40)A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.A)sutureB)syndesmosisC)synchondrosisD)gomphosis40)41)The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.A)assist in defining the range of motion of the legB)tend to run parallel to one anotherC)prevent hyperextension of the kneeD)are also called collateral ligaments41)42)Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.A)provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial jointsB)produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis)C)form the synovial membraneD)attach tendons42)43)A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movementis a ________.A)symphysisB)gomphosisC)syndesmosisD)suture43)44)On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue?A)pivotB)syndesmosisC)symphysisD)synchondrosis44)45)Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where frictiondevelops are called ________.A)tendonsB)ligamentsC)menisciD)bursae45)46)Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.A)amphiarthrosesB)diarthrosesC)synarthrosesD)synovial joints46)47)________ are cartilaginous joints.A)GomphosesB)SyndesmosesC)SynchondrosesD)Sutures47)48)The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ________ joint.A)pivotB)hingeC)condyloidD)plane48)49)The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movementof the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.A)patellar ligamentsB)tibial collateral ligamentsC)anterior ligamentsD)cruciate ligaments49)50)Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.A)flexionB)extensionC)circumductionD)hyperextension50)51)In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?A)All synovial joints are freely movable.B)In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.C)Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.D)Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.51)552)Synarthrotic joints ________.A)are found at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis of growing boneB)have large joint cavitiesC)permit essentially no movementD)are cartilaginous joints52)53)Fibrous joints are classified as ________.A)pivot, hinge, and ball and socketB)sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphosesC)hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidalD)symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular53)54)In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.A)fibrocartilageB)hyaline cartilageC)synovial membranesD)tendon sheaths54)55)Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statementsis true about this fluid?A)It contains lactic acid.B)It contains enzymes only.C)It contains hyaluronic acid.D)It contains hydrochloric acid.55)56)Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?A)joints that permit angular movementsB)interphalangeal jointsC)cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bonesD)amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility56)57)What are menisci?A)semilunar cartilage padsB)small sacs containing synovial fluidC)cavities lined with cartilageD)tendon sheaths57)58)Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?A)Gliding movements are multiaxial.B)Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.C)An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.D)Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.58)59)What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane called?A)inversionB)abductionC)adductionD)dorsiflexion59)60)The terms inversion