SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 14.1Using Figure 14.1, match the following:1)Myelin sheath.1)2)Cell body of ANS preganglionic neuron.2)3)Cell body of ANS postganglionic neuron.3)4)Cell body of the somatic neuron.4)MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the following:5)Short preganglionic, longpostganglionic fibers.6)Collateral ganglia.7)Active after you have eaten a meal.8)Decreases heart rate.9)Causes erection of the penis.10)Stimulates ciliary muscles of the eye.11)Increases blood pressure.A)ParasympatheticB)Sympathetic5)6)7)8)9)10)11)1Match the following:12)Preganglionic sympathetic.13)Preganglionic parasympathetic.14)Postganglionic sympathetic to sweatglands.15)Postganglionic parasympathetic.16)Most postganglionic sympathetic.A)Norepinephrine (NE)B)Acetylcholine (ACh)12)13)14)15)16)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.17)Because the ANS is a visceral motor system, afferent pathways are of no importance and actuallyare rarely found.17)18)The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS.18)19)The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.19)20)Splanchnic nerves are mixed motor and sensory nerves.20)21)The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division thatis active and the target that is affected.21)22)The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division.22)23)The sympathetic chain is composed of collateral ganglia.23)24)Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division.24)25)Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.25)26)Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.26)27)The adrenal medulla is considered a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion by some.27)28)Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and bythe parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.28)29)Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system.29)30)Through direct neural stimulation, the sympathetic division promotes many metabolic effects viahormone release.30)31)Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system.31)232)The ANS stimulates smooth and skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous systeminnervates cardiac muscles only.32)33)Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.33)34)Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia only.34)35)The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.35)36)The chain ganglion, like the dorsal root ganglion, contains soma from sensory neurons.36)37)Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone.37)38)The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervatedby both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.38)39)Events recorded in a lie detector examination are controlled by the sympathetic division.39)40)All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic.40)41)Splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus.41)42)The structures that specifically exhibit vasomotor tone are mostly under sympathetic control.42)43)Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympatheticfibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic.43)44)β-adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.44)45)Autonomic reflex centers occur in the spinal cord, medulla, and midbrain.45)46) Cranial nerves III, VII, and IX supply the entire parasympathetic innervation of the head; however,only the preganglionic fibers lie within these three pairs of cranial nerves.46)47)Because parasympathetic fibers never run in spinal nerves, rami communicantes are associatedonly with the sympathetic division.47)48)Rami communicantes are designated white or grey to indicate whether or not the fibers passingthrough them are myelinated.48)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.49)The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.A)vagus nerve activityB)sympathetic stimulationC)neurosecretory substancesD)parasympathetic innervation49)350) Which of the following does not describe the ANS?A)a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cellsB)a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandsC)general visceral motor systemD)involuntary nervous system50)51)Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.A)parasympathetic nervous systemB)somatic nervous systemC)sympathetic nervous systemD)cerebrum51)52)The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following except ________.A)to some degree in target responses to their neurotransmittersB)all of the neurotransmittersC)their effectorsD)their efferent pathways52)53)A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________.A)anticholinesteraseB)norepinephrineC)epinephrineD)a beta-blocker53)54)The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ________.A)ciliary ganglionB)otic ganglionC)pterygopalatine ganglionD)submandibular ganglion54)55)Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________.A)constriction of most blood vesselsB)increase of heart rate and forceC)dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive visceraD)dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles55)56)Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________.A)XIIB)XC)VD)VII56)57)The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.A)sympathetic divisionB)parasympathetic divisionC)peripheral nervous systemD)somatic division57)58)Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.A)thalamusB)medullaC)hypothalamusD)cerebellum58)59)Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?A)smooth muscleB)skeletal muscleC)most glandsD)cardiac muscle59)60)Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?A)salivationB)dilation of the pupilsC)elimination of urineD)increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera60)461)