SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 15.1Using Figure 15.1, match the following:1)Ganglion cells.1)2)Bipolar cells.2)3)Horizontal cell.3)4)Amacrine cell.4)5)Rod.5)1Figure 15.2Using Figure 15.2, match the following:6)Protects and shapes the eyeball; provides a sturdy anchoring site for extrinsic eye muscles.6)7)Blood vessels supply nutrition to all eye layers.7)8)Contains only cones; provides detailed color vision.8)9)Lacks photoreceptors; where optic nerve exits the eye.9)10)Consists of a pigmented layer and a neural layer.10)2Figure 15.3Using Figure 15.3, match the following:11)Acts as a reflexively activated diaphragm to vary pupil size.11)12) The only tissue in the body that can be transplanted from one person to another with littleor no rejection.12)13)Controls lens shape.13)14)Holds the retina firmly against the pigmented layer.14)15)Fluid blockages cause glaucoma.15)3Figure 15.4Using Figure 15.4, match the following:16)Pinna.16)17)Tympanic membrane.17)18)Stapes.18)19)Semicircular canals.19)20)Cochlea.20)21)Balance organ.21)22)Houses organ of Corti.22)MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the following:23)The sensory layer of the eye.A)Retina23)424)The structure most responsible forfocusing light rays that enter the eye.25)Helps maintain the intraocularpressure; located in the anterior part ofthe eye.26)Area of greatest visual acuity.A)LensB)Aqueous humorC)Fovea centralis24)25)26)Match the following:27)Ear stones.28)Connects the middle ear with thenasopharynx.29)Separates external acoustic meatusfrom the middle ear.30)Contains utricle and saccule.31)Detects linear acceleration.A)OtolithsB)Tympanic membraneC)Pharyngotympanic tubeD)Vestibule27)28)29)30)31)Match the following:32)A condition that can result from adeficiency of vitamin A.33)A condition of deafness that mayresult from otosclerosis.34)An inflammation of the lining of themiddle ear.35)A condition often leading to blindnessdue to increased intraocular pressure.A)GlaucomaB)Conduction deafnessC)Otitis mediaD)Night blindness32)33)34)35)Match the following:36)Hair cells receptive to changes indynamic equilibrium are found in thisstructure.37)Gustatory cells are found in thisstructure.38)Hair cells receptive to changes in staticequilibrium are found in thisstructure.39)The receptors of olfaction are found inthis structure.A)Crista ampullarisB)Olfactory epitheliumC)Taste budsD)Macula36)37)38)39)5Match the following:40)Houses the spiral organ (of Corti.)41)The receptor organ for hearing.42)The central part of the bony labyrinth.43)A membrane that transmits soundvibrations to the auditory ossicles.A)VestibuleB)Cochlear ductC)Tympanic membraneD)Spiral organ (of Corti)40)41)42)43)Match the following:44)Loss of hearing resulting fromprolonged exposure to high-intensitysounds.45)Can result from the fusion of theauditory ossicles.46)A possible side effect of medicationssuch as aspirin.47)One of the most common results ofotitis media.48)Can result from impacted cerumen.A)Conduction deafnessB)TinnitusC)Sensorineural deafness44)45)46)47)48)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.49)The mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected over the anterior surface of the eyeballis the conjunctiva.49)50)Researchers have found that retinal ganglionic fields are of two types: on center or off center.50)51)The photoreceptor cells are sensitive to damage from light.51)52)Both the cornea and the lens are vascular.52)53)The optic disc is the location where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.53)54)Sour taste receptors are stimulated by hydrogen ions of acidic food substances.54)55)The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth is called perilymph.55)56)The extrinsic eye muscle motor units contain only 8 to 12 muscle cells and in some cases as few as 2or 3 muscle cells.56)57)Retinal detachment always results in loss of vision.57)658)The structure that allows equalization of the pressure in the middle ear with that outside the bodyis the external auditory meatus.58)59)The bending of light rays is called reflection.59)60)The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor.60)61)The neural layer of the retina prevents excessive scattering of light within the eye.61)62)In order for sound to reach the spiral organ (of Corti), the auditory ossicles must vibrate the ovalwindow and set the endolymph in motion.62)63)Sound is generally perceived in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.63)64)Light passes through the entire thickness of the neural layer of the retina to excite thephotoreceptors.64)65)Without a functioning crista ampullaris, the semicircular canals would not function.65)66)Contraction of the ciliary muscle causes the lens to bend the light less.66)67)Theoretically, an individual born without a middle ear would be able to hear by bone conductionwith a hearing aid.67)68)When we move from darkness to bright light, retinal sensitivity is lost, but visual acuity is gained.68)69)The function of the lens of the eye is to allow precise focusing of light on the retina.69)70)Each olfactory cortical neuron receives input from one receptor at a time.70)71)Odorants must be volatile to be smelled.71)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.72)What is the main function of the rods in the eye?A)vision in dim lightB)depth perceptionC)color visionD)accommodation for near vision72)73)What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?A)irisB)corneaC)lensD)aqueous humor73)74)Receptors for hearing are located in the ________.A)cochleaB)vestibuleC)semicircular canalsD)tympanic membrane74)75)Which of the follow types of neurons are replaced throughout adult life?A)retinal ganglion cellsB)auditory outer and inner hair cellsC)retinal bipolar cellsD)olfactory receptor cells75)776)The oil component found in tears is produced by the ________.A)lacrimal glandsB)conjunctivaC)tarsal glandsD)ciliary gland76)77)The receptor for static equilibrium is the ________.A)utricleB)cochlear ductC)semicircular canalsD)macula77)78)Farsightedness is more properly called ________.A)hypopiaB)presbyopiaC)myopiaD)hyperopia78)79)Seventy percent of all sensory receptors are located in the ________.A)skinB)eyeC)noseD)ears79)80)Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear?A)pinnaB)external