Chapter 2SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 2.1Using Figure 2.1, match the following:1)Lipid.1)2)Functional protein.2)3)Nucleotide.3)4)Polysaccharide.4)5)Monosaccharide.5)6)Polymer.6)7)Tertiary (protein) structure.7)1Figure 2.2Using Figure 2.2, match the following:8)Deoxyribose sugar.8)9)Thymine.9)10)Guanine.10)11)Phosphate.11)12)Hydrogen bonds.12)2MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description:13)A bond in which electrons are sharedunequally.14)A bond in which electrons arecompletely lost or gained by the atomsinvolved.15)A bond in which electrons are sharedequally.16)A type of bond important in tyingdifferent parts of the same moleculetogether into a three-dimensionalstructure.A)Hydrogen bondB)Nonpolar covalent bondC)Ionic bondD)Polar covalent bond13)14)15)16)Match the following particles to the correct description:17)Electrically charged particle due toloss of an electron.18)Neutral subatomic particle.19)Smallest particle of an element thatretains its properties.20)Smallest particle of a compound thatstill retains its properties.A)AtomB)MoleculeC)NeutronD)Cation17)18)19)20)Match the following:21)Water.22)Carbon.23)Dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide).24)Blood.A)CompoundB)ElementC)Mixture21)22)23)24)Match the following:25)Can be measured only by its effects onmatter.A)Energy25)326)Anything that occupies space and hasmass.27)Although a man who weighs 175pounds on Earth would be lighter onthe moon and heavier on Jupiter, his________ would not be different.28)Is a function of, and varies with,gravity.A)WeightB)MassC)Matter26)27)28)Match the following:29)Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle.30)When the bonds of ATP are broken,energy is released to do cellular work.31)Energy that travels in waves. Part ofthe electromagnetic spectrum.32)Represented by the flow of chargedparticles along a conductor, or theflow of ions across a membrane.A)Chemical energyB)Radiant energyC)Electrical energyD)Mechanical energy29)30)31)32)Match the following:33)Heterogeneous, will not settle.34)Heterogeneous, will settle.35)Homogeneous, will not settle.36)Will not scatter light.A)SuspensionsB)ColloidsC)Solutions33)34)35)36)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.37)The atomic weight is only an average of relative weights of an atom and its isotopes, and it mayvary from the weight of a specific isotope.37)38)Emulsions and colloids are the same thing.38)39)Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons.39)40)A charged particle is generally called an ion.40)41)Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons contained.41)42)About 60% to 80% of the volume of most living cells consists of organic compounds.42)43)Lipids are a poor source of stored energy.43)444)Current information theorizes that omega-3 fatty acids decrease the risk of heart disease.44)45)Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.45)46)A molecule consisting of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms is correctly written as CO2.46)47)The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration.47)48)Covalent bonds are generally less stable than ionic bonds.48)49)Hydrogen bonds are comparatively strong bonds.49)50)The fact that no chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture is the chiefdifference between mixtures and compounds.50)51)Alpha particles, although relatively weak energy particles, are second only to smoking as a cause oflung cancer.51)52)No chemical bonding occurs between the components of a mixture.52)53)All organic compounds contain carbon.53)54)A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis.54)55)The pH of body fluids must remain fairly constant for the body to maintain homeostasis.55)56)Mixtures are combinations of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but arenot bound by chemical bonds.56)57)Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of the body by releasing or binding ions.57)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.58)Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses?A)FeB)IC)NaD)P58)59)Choose the statement that is false or incorrect.A)In chemical reactions, breaking old bonds requires energy and forming new bonds releasesenergy.B)A key feature of the body’s metabolism is the almost exclusive use of exergonic reactions bythe body.C)Exergonic reactions release more energy than they absorb.D)Endergonic reactions absorb more energy than they release.59)60)In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.A)a high degree of unsaturated bondsB)long fatty acid chainsC)a high degree of saturated bondsD)a high water content60)561)The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.A)three-dimensional structure of the double helixB)arrangement of the histonesC)regular alteration of sugar and phosphate moleculesD)sequence of the nucleotides61)62)Which of the following is not true of proteins?A)Their function depends on the three-dimensional shape.B)They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information.C)Some types are called enzymes.D)They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.62)63)The single most abundant protein in the body is ________.A)glucoseB)hemoglobinC)collagenD)DNA63)64)Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.A)glucoseB)cholesterolC)triglyceridesD)glycogen64)65)Which of the following describes coenzymes?A)metal ionsB)enzymes that work togetherC)organic molecules derived from vitaminsD)two enzymes that perform the same function65)66)Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?A)help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranesB)prevent accidental, premature, or incorrect folding of polypeptide chainsC)aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptidesD)act as a biological catalystE)promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins66)67)A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.A)the consumption of energyB)the release of energyC)forming a larger moleculeD)a synthesis67)68)Salts are always ________.A)hydrogen bondedB)ionic compoundsC)double covalent compoundsD)single covalent compounds68)69)The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second,