SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 11.1Using Figure 11.1, match the following:1)Which neuron would connect to a muscle?1)2)Which neuron would be found in the retina of the eye?2)3)Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc?3)4)Which neuron is never myelinated?4)5)Which neuron is rare?5)6)In a reflex arc, which neuron has its cell body inside the spinal cord?6)7)Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensoryganglia of cranial nerves?7)8)Which is by far the most common neuron type?8)1Figure 11.2Using Figure 11.2, match the following:9)Ion channel.9)10)Synaptic vesicles.10)11)Calcium ions.11)12)Postsynaptic membrane.12)13)Synaptic cleft.13)MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the following:14)The neuron cannot respond to a secondstimulus, no matter how strong.15)The interior of the cell becomes lessnegative due to an influx of sodiumions.A)Absolute refractory periodB)Depolarization14)15)216)The specific period during whichpotassium ions diffuse out of theneuron due to a change in membranepermeability.17)Also called a nerve impulsetransmitted by axons.18)An exceptionally strong stimulus cantrigger a response.A)Relative refractory periodB)RepolarizationC)Action potential16)17)18)Match the following:19)Numerous nerve impulses arriving ata synapse at closely timed intervalsexert a cumulative effect.20)Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuronby many terminals at the same time.21)An insufficient stimulus.22)Any stimulus below this intensity willresult in no response in a neuron.A)Threshold stimulusB)Subthreshold stimulusC)Temporal summationD)Spatial summation19)20)21)22)Match the following:23)Area where nerve impulse isgenerated.24)Receives stimuli.25)Plasma membrane exhibitsvoltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels.26)Plasma membrane exhibitsvoltage-gated Ca2+ channels.27)Axon terminals releaseneurotransmitters.28)Plasma membrane exhibits chemicallygated ion channels.A)Trigger zoneB)Secretory zoneC)Receptive regionD)Conducting regionE)Secretory region23)24)25)26)27)28)3Match the following:29)One incoming fiber triggers responsesin ever-increasing numbers fartherand farther along the circuit.30)May be involved in complex, exactingtypes of mental processing.31)Involved in control of rhythmicactivities such as breathing.32)Involved in activating fibers of askeletal muscle such as the bicepsmuscle.33)Different types of sensory input canhave the same ultimate effect.A)Parallel after-discharge circuitB)Diverging circuitC)Converging circuitD)Reverberating circuit29)30)31)32)33)Match the following:34)Increases acid secretion in thestomach; blocked by cimetidine.35)"Feel-good" neurotransmitter.36)Mediates pain.37)Principal inhibitory neurotransmitterof the spinal cord.38)Natural opiates that inhibit pain; effectmimicked by morphine.A)NorepinephrineB)Substance PC)HistamineD)GlycineE)Endorphins34)35)36)37)38)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.39)The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell mustbe stimulated for conduction to take place.39)40)Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.40)41)Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers.41)42)Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system.42)43)Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte.43)44)During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.44)45)Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups.45)446)Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase.46)47)The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons.47)48)Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine.48)49)In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes ofRanvier.49)50)A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released intothe synapse between two neurons.50)51)Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers.51)52)The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes.52)53)Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes.53)54)A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynapticend, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane.54)55)If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them.55)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.56)Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?A)control the chemical environment around neuronsB)guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillarypermeabilityC)provide the defense for the CNSD)support and brace neuronsE)anchor neurons to blood vessels56)57)Which of the choices below describes the ANS?A)motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle,and glandsB)motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal musclesC)sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tractD)sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, andlimbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to theCNS57)58)What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called?A)astrocytesB)Schwann cellsC)ependymal cellsD)oligodendrocytes58)59)The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________.A)white matterB)myelin sheathC)neurilemmaD)axolemma59)560)Bipolar neurons are commonly ________.A)called neuroglial cellsB)motor neuronsC)found in gangliaD)found in the retina of the eye60)61)Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervatingskeletal muscle?A)cholinesteraseB)acetylcholineC)gamma aminobutyric acidD)norepinephrine61)62)Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function?A)analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisionsB)responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contractionC)senses changes in the environment62)63)The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to