SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 6.1Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:A. LongB. ShortC. FlatD. IrregularE. Sesamoid1)Bone 1.1)2)Bone 2.2)3)Bone 3.3)4)Bone 4.4)5)Bone 5.5)6)Bone 6.6)7)Bone 7.7)1Figure 6.2Using Figure 6.2, match the following:8)Compact bone.8)9)Location of the epiphyseal line.9)10)Area where yellow marrow is found.10)11)Area with articular cartilage.11)MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the following:12)Bones are porous and thin but bonecomposition is normal.13)Bone formed is poorly mineralizedand soft. Deforms on weight bearing.14)Abnormal bone formation andreabsorption.A)OsteomalaciaB)OsteoporosisC)Paget's disease12)13)14)2Match the following:15)An incomplete fracture or cracking ofthe bone without actual separation ofthe parts. Common in children.16)Bone fragments into many pieces.17)Common sports fracture resultingfrom a twisting force.A)GreenstickB)SpiralC)Comminuted15)16)17)Match the following:18)The lining of the marrow cavity.19)Cells that can dissolve the bonymatrix.20)Layers of bone matrix.21)Small channels that radiate throughthe matrix of bone.22)Cells that can build bony matrix.A)OsteoclastsB)OsteoblastsC)LamellaeD)CanaliculiE)Endosteum18)19)20)21)22)Match the following:23)The cells responsible for the earlystages of endochondral ossification.24)The growth pattern of bone in whichmatrix is laid down on the surface.25)The area of long bones where cartilagecells are replaced by bone cells.26)The appearance of this structuresignals the end of bone growth.27)Area where bone longitudinal growthtakes place.A)Epiphyseal lineB)Epiphyseal plateC)Appositional growthD)ChondrocytesE)Diaphysis23)24)25)26)27)Match the following:28)Radius.29)Carpals.A)Short boneB)Long bone28)29)330)Patella.31)Scapula.32)Hip bones.A)Flat boneB)Irregular boneC)Sesamoid bone30)31)32)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.33)Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certainbones.33)34)Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone.34)35)Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function.35)36)The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nervesor blood vessels.36)37)Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the boneslight.37)38)In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bonemarrow.38)39)The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.39)40)The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.40)41)Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.41)42)All bones formed by intramembranous ossification are irregular bones.42)43)An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.43)44)The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.44)45)Bone tissue in the skeleton of a human fetus is completely formed at six months' gestation.45)46)Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions.46)47)Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.47)48)Closure of the epiphyseal plate stops all bone growth.48)4MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.49)The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted tosupport weight and withstand tension stress?A)spongy boneB)irregular boneC)trabecular boneD)compact bone49)50)Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.A)fatB)elastic tissueC)blood-forming cellsD)Sharpey's fibers50)51)The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.A)chondrocyteB)osteocyteC)osteoclastD)osteoblast51)52)What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?A)fibrocartilageB)elastic connective tissueC)hyaline cartilageD)dense fibrous connective tissue52)53)What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?A)decreased osteoclast activityB)increased osteoclast activityC)decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilageD)inadequate calcification of bone53)54)A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.A)articular cartilageB)epiphysisC)metaphysisD)diaphysis54)55)The term diploë refers to the ________.A)fact that most bones are formed of two types of bone tissueB)two types of marrow found within most bonesC)double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the boneD)internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones55)56)Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates a projection that helps to form joints?A)ramusB)meatusC)foramenD)fossaE)epicondyle56)57)Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis include ________.A)drinking fluoridated waterB)decreasing exposure to the sunC)decreasing weight-bearing exerciseD)increasing dietary vitamin C57)58)Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.A)takes twice as long as diaphysisB)is produced by secondary ossification centersC)is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formationD)involves medullary cavity formation58)559)Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as wellas shaping the articular surfaces?A)epiphyseal plateB)lacunaeC)Haversian systemD)epiphyseal line59)60)The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is ________.A)elasticB)epiphysealC)hyalineD)fibrocartilage60)61)Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?A)production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)B)storage of mineralsC)communicationD)support61)62)What is the structural unit of compact bone?A)the osteonB)lamellar boneC)spongy boneD)osseous matrix62)63)Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layerconsists primarily of ________.A)cartilage and compact boneB)osteoblasts and osteoclastsC)marrow and osteonsD)chondrocytes and osteocytes63)64)The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________.A)perforating (Sharpey's) fibersB)a bony matrix with hyaline cartilageC)Volkmann's canalsD)the struts of bone known as spicules64)65)The canal that runs through the core of each osteon