SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 3.1Using Figure 3.1, match the following:1)Produces ATP aerobically.1)2)Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material.2)3)Packages proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or for exocytosis.3)4)Site of synthesis of lipid and steroid molecules.4)5)Forms the mitotic spindle.5)6)Replicate for cell division.6)7)Source of cell autolysis.7)1Figure 3.2Using Figure 3.2, match the following:8)Nonpolar region of phospholipid.8)9)Glycocalyx.9)10)Polar region of phospholipid.10)11)Peripheral protein.11)12)Integral protein.12)13)Identification "tags" for the cell.13)14)Hydrophilic portion.14)MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.Match the following:15)Forms part of the protein synthesis sitein the cytoplasm.16)Act as "interpreter" molecules thatrecognize specific amino acids andnucleotide base sequences.17)Attaches the correct amino acid to itstransfer RNA.A)Synthetase enzymesB)Transfer RNAC)Ribosomal RNA15)16)17)218)Provides the energy needed forsynthesis reactions.19)Found in the cytoplasm, this structurespecifies the exact sequence of aminoacids of the protein to be made.20)May be attached to the ER or scatteredin the cytoplasm.A)Messenger RNAB)Ribosomal RNAC)ATP18)19)20)Match the following:21)Chromosomes decoil to formchromatin.22)Chromosomal centromeres split andchromosomes migrate to oppositeends of the cell.23)Nuclear membrane and nucleolusdisintegrate.24)Chromosomes align on the spindleequator.25)Centrioles move to opposite ends ofthe cell.A)AnaphaseB)Late prophaseC)MetaphaseD)TelophaseE)Early prophase21)22)23)24)25)Match the following:26)Plays a role in the synthesis ofsteroid-based hormones and proteins.27)The actual site of protein synthesis.28)Hollow cytoskeletal elements that actas organizers for the cytoskeleton.29)Dense spherical bodies in the nucleusthat are the synthesis site forribosomal RNA.30)Houses DNA and RNA.A)RibosomesB)NucleoliC)NucleusD)Endoplasmic reticulumE)Microtubules26)27)28)29)30)3Match the following:31)Help prevent molecules from passingthrough the extracellular spacebetween adjacent cells.32)Type of anchoring junction.33)Communicating junction.34)Present in electrically excitable tissues.35)Abundant in tissues subjected to greatmechanical stress.A)Tight junctionsB)Gap junctionsC)Desmosomes31)32)33)34)35)TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.36)Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has exactly as many chromosomes as theparent cell.36)37)Apoptosis is programmed cell suicide, but cancer cells fail to undergo apoptosis.37)38)DNA contains "dark matter" that codes for specific structural proteins.38)39)Final preparation for cell division is made during the cell life cycle subphase called G2.39)40)Chromatin consists of DNA and RNA.40)41)In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.41)42)The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphatemolecules.42)43)A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or fordisposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis.43)44)The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.44)45)Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.45)46)Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.46)47)DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.47)48)The glycocalyx is often referred to as the "cell coat," which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky withnumerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.48)49)In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to about+50 millivolts.49)450)Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein myosin.50)51)Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.51)52)The cell (plasma) membrane normally contains substantial amounts of cholesterol.52)53)Aquaporins are believed to be present in red blood cells and kidney tubules, but very few othercells in the body.53)54)Most organelles are bounded by a membrane that is quite different in structure from the lipidbilayer of the plasma membrane.54)55)Only one cell type in the human body has a flagellum.55)56)Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin.56)57)Telomeres are the regions of chromosomes that code for the protein ubiquitin.57)58)Nitric oxide may act as a biological messenger.58)MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.59)Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?A)The maintenance of the potential is based exclusively on diffusion processes.B)Both potassium and sodium ions can "leak" through the cell membrane due to diffusion.C)In the polarized state, sodium and potassium ion concentrations are in static equilibrium.D)When the sodium-potassium pump is activated, potassium is pumped into the cell twice asfast as the sodium is pumped out, thus causing the membrane potential.59)60)Which statement best describes transcytosis?A)storing the contents of the endosomeB)recycling the contents of the endosome back to the surface of the cellC)transporting an endosome from one side of a cell to the other and releasing the contents byexocytosisD)combining an endosome with a lysosome and degrading or releasing the contents60)61)In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in ________.A)the smooth ERB)the cytoplasmC)the rough ERD)both smooth and rough ER61)62)The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is________.A)tRNAB)ssRNAC)mRNAD)rRNA62)63)A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.A)shrinkB)neither shrink nor swellC)swell and burstD)swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached63)564)Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?A)the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cellB)a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristaeC)a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cellD)a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma64)65)Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?A)It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.B)It encloses the cell contents.C)It is selectively