Test Bank for Chapter 8 Chromosome Variation Multiple Choice Questions 1 The centromere is located approximately in the middle of which type of chromosome a b c d e Acrocentric Metacentric Paracentric Submetacentric Telocentric Answer b Section 8 1 Comprehension 2 Which type of chromosome has a centromere displaced toward one end creating a long arm and a short arm a b c d e Acrocentric Metacentric Paracentric Submetacentric Telocentric Answer d Section 8 1 Comprehension 3 The centromere is near one end producing a long arm and a knob in which type of chromosome a b c d e Acrocentric Metacentric Paracentric Submetacentric Telocentric Answer a Section 8 1 Comprehension 4 The centromere is at or very near the end in which type of chromosome a b c d Acrocentric Metacentric Paracentric Submetacentric e Telocentric Answer e Section 8 1 Comprehension 5 The complete set of chromosomes possessed by an organism is called a a b c d e polyploid chromatin complement karyotype genotype diploid Answer c Section 8 1 Comprehension 6 Which type of chromosome mutation increases the amount of genetic material for all chromosomes a b c d e Translocation Aneuploidy Polyploidy Inversion Transversion Answer c Section 8 1 Comprehension 7 Which type of chromosome mutation decreases the amount of genetic material for one entire chromosome a b c d e Translocation Aneuploidy Polyploidy Inversion Transversion Answer b Section 8 1 Comprehension 8 How is colchicine useful for studying chromosomal mutations a Colchicine inhibits microtubule polymerization which stalls cells in metaphase with condensed chromosomes b Colchicine induces chromosome condensation during interphase which allows the visualization of interphase chromosomes c Colchicine causes chromosomal breakage leading to inversions and translocations that can be observed with a microscope d Colchicine aids in the formation of microtubules during mitosis which promotes anaphase and completion of the cell cycle e Colchicine is an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation Reduced mitochondrial function slows down mitosis and increases the number of metaphase cells Answer a Section 8 1 Application 9 can cause genes to move from one linkage group to another a b c d e Inversions Deletions Polyploidy Translocations Unequal crossing over Answer d Section 8 2 Comprehension 10 Which of the following is not a rearrangement that causes chromosomal mutations a b c d e Deletion Duplication Inversion Translocation Transversion Answer e Section 8 2 Comprehension 11 Which type of chromosome mutation decreases the amount of genetic material a b c d e Deletion Duplication Inversion Translocation Transversion Answer a Section 8 2 Comprehension 12 Which type of chromosome mutation increases the amount of genetic material a b c d e Deletion Duplication Inversion Translocation Transversion Answer b Section 8 2 Comprehension 13 Which type of chromosome mutation results in a chromosome segment that is turned 180 degrees a b c d e Deletion Duplication Inversion Translocation Transversion Answer c Section 8 2 Comprehension 14 Chimpanzees gorillas and orangutans all have 48 chromosomes whereas humans have 46 Human chromosome 2 is a large metacentric chromosome with G banding patterns that closely match those found on two different acrocentric chromosomes of the apes What would best explain these findings a A translocation took place in a human ancestor creating a large metacentric chromosome from the two long arms of the ancestral acrocentric chromosomes The other small chromosome produced by this translocation was lost b Meiotic nondisjunction gave rise to a nullisomic gamete The fusion of two nullisomic gametes produced the ancestor of the human species with 46 chromosomes instead of 48 c A nonreciprocal translocation and subsequent fusion of the chromosomal fragments created a genome of 46 chromosomes without the loss of any genetic information d Infection by a primate virus created a new chromosome when the viral DNA became a permanent part of the genome Humans were not affected by this virus so they did not acquire the extra chromosome e Humans have the correct number of chromosomes The extra chromosome pair in the other apes is a classic case of tetrasomy as a result of meiotic nondisjunction in the primate ancestor Answer a Section 8 2 Application 15 Approximately of the gametes produced by an individual heterozygous for a translocation will be nonviable a b c d e all half none a quarter an eighth Answer b Section 8 2 Application 16 Two chromosomes have the following segments where represents the centromere KLM NOPQR STUV WXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes KLM NOPQR STUV WZ a b c d e f g h Deletion Tandem duplication Displaced duplication Reverse duplication Pericentric inversion Paracentric inversion Nonreciprocal translocation Reciprocal translocation Answer a Section 8 2 Application 17 Two chromosomes have the following segments where represents the centromere KLM NOPQR STUV WXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes KLM NOPOPQR STUV WXYZ a b c d e f g h Deletion Tandem duplication Displaced duplication Reverse duplication Pericentric inversion Paracentric inversion Nonreciprocal translocation Reciprocal translocation Answer b Section 8 2 Application 18 Two chromosomes have the following segments where represents the centromere KLM NOPQR STUV WXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes KLM NOPQR STXYUV WXYZ a b c d e f g h Deletion Tandem duplication Displaced duplication Reverse duplication Pericentric inversion Paracentric inversion Nonreciprocal translocation Reciprocal translocation Answer c Section 8 2 Application 19 Two chromosomes have the following segments where represents the centromere KLM NOPQR STUV WXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes KLM NOPRQQR STUV WXYZ a b c d e f g h Deletion Tandem duplication Displaced duplication Reverse duplication Pericentric inversion Paracentric inversion Nonreciprocal translocation Reciprocal translocation Answer d Section 8 2 Application 20 Two chromosomes have the following segments where represents the centromere KLM NOPQR STUV WXYZ What type of chromosome mutation would result in the following chromosomes KLM NOPQR STXW VUYZ a b c d e f g h Deletion Tandem duplication Displaced duplication Reverse duplication Pericentric inversion Paracentric inversion