Test Bank forChapter 14: RNA Molecules and RNA ProcessingTest Bank forChapter 14: RNA Molecules and RNA ProcessingMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the facts about introns and exons? a. The number of introns is always less than the number of exons in a gene. b. Introns are degraded in the cytoplasm. c. All eukaryotic genes contain an intron. d. Mitochondrial and chloroplast genes do not contain introns. e. Introns do not contain sequence-specific information. Answer: aSection: 14.1Comprehension Question2. In 1958, Francis Crick proposed that genes and their corresponding polypeptides are “colinear.” Which of the following statements concerning the concept of colinearity is incorrect?a. Colinearity means that the linear nucleotide sequence of a given gene corresponds directly to the linear amino acid sequence in the corresponding polypeptide. b. The number of nucleotides in a gene should be precisely proportional to the number of amino acids present in the corresponding polypeptide.c. Colinearity generally holds true for the coding regions of prokaryotic viral genes. d. The vast majority of eukaryotic genes also follow the concept of coliniarity although the size of genes may be larger.e. The exception to colinearity between genes and polypeptides is the presence of untranslated sequences (UTRs).Answer: dSection: 14.1Comprehension Question3. How many introns are present on a gene that consists of 4 exons?a. 2b. 3c. 4 d. 5e. The number cannot be determined from the information provided.Answer: bSection: 14.1Comprehension Question4. Which of the following statements regarding gene structure is NOT false?a. The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide can be precisely predicted by the nucleotide sequence of the gene that encodes it. b. The number of introns found in organisms is species specific.c. The number of exons and introns generally correlate to the complexity of the organisms.d. Intron cleavage and exon splicing are both mediated by protein enzymes. e. The number of exons is always less than the number of introns in a gene. Answer: cSection: 14.1Application Question5. Which of the following statements about bacterial mRNA transcript is TRUE? a. Unlike eukaryotes, bacterial mRNA transcripts do not typically contain untranslated regions.b. The Shine−Dalgarno box associates with an RNA component in the small subunit of ribosomes. c. Transcription and translation take place sequentially in bacterial cells. d. Most of bacterial genes contain a large number of introns and small number of exons.e. The 5′ end and 3′ end of mRNA transcripts are modified in bacteria.Answer: bSection: 14.2Comprehension Question6. Which of the following statements about ribosomes and ribosomal RNA is NOT true? a. Ribosomes typically contain about 80% of the total cellular RNA. b. Ribosomal RNA is processed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. c. In eukaryotes, genes for rRNA are usually present within tandem repeats. d. Each ribosomal RNA component is encoded by separate gene.e. In eukaryotes, the rRNA transcripts are processed further by snoRNAs within the nucleus.Answer: dSection: 14.2Comprehension Question7. The spliceosome is a large, ribonucleoprotein complex located in thea. cytoplasm.b. endoplasmic reticulum.c. Golgi.d. nucleus.e. nucleolus.Answer: dSection: 14.2Comprehension Question8. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of processed mRNA molecules are derived from a. exons.b. introns.c. promoter.d. terminator.e. protein-coding region.Answer: aSection: 14.2Comprehension Question9. Which of the following statements about group I and group II introns is NOT true?a. Both group I and II introns form elaborate and characteristic secondary structures with loops.b. The splicing mechanism of group II introns is similar to that of spliceosome mediated nuclear pre-mRNA splicing.c. The length of group I and group II introns is much longer than the exons within the structures. d. Group I and group II introns are exclusively found in mitochondrial and chloroplast encoded genes.e. Both Group I and group II introns are both found in bacterial genes.Answer: dSection: 14.2Comprehension Question10. Which of the following best explains why only pre-mRNA is recognized and receives a 5′ cap?a. The enzyme that initiates the capping step is known to associate with RNA polymerase II,which generate mRNAs.b. Only pre-mRNAs contain proper sequence for the cap to be added on.c. The tail of the pre-mRNA can recruit the right combination of enzymes for capping.d. Nuclear pore complex only recognize pre-mRNA to be allowed out to the cytoplasm for capping process to begin.e. rRNA and tRNAs do not exit the nucleus to receive the cap via enzyme sin the cytoplasm.Answer: aSection: 14.2Comprehension Question11. Which of the following phenomena is not affected by the presence of alternative splicing?a. Speciationb. Developmentc. Organismal complexityd. Tissue specificitye. RNA interferenceAnswer: eSection: 14.2Comprehension Question12. Which of the following spliceosomal components specifically recognizes and binds to the branch point of the intron during pre-mRNA splicing?a. U1b. U2c. U5d. U6e. Spliceosomal proteinsAnswer: bSection: 14.2Comprehension Question13. The human gene encoding for calcitonin contains six exons and five introns and is located onchromosome 11. The pre-mRNA transcript from this gene can generate either calcitonin or calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) in a tissue-specific manner. Calcitonin produced fromthe thyroid gland is 32 amino acids long and functions to regulate the calcium while CGRP, which contains 37 amino acids, is produced by the brain cells and involved in transmission ofpain. Which of the following processes makes production of two functionally and structurallydifferent proteins from the same gene possible?a. Self-spicing intronsb. Differential trnascriptionc. Alternative replicationd. 5′ capping and polyadenylatione. Alternative RNA processingAnswer: eSection: 14.2Comprehension Question14. Guide RNAs are needed ina. transcription.b. translation.c. RNA interference.d. RNA editing.e. RNA splicing.Answer: dSection: 14.2Comprehension Question15. Which mechanism allows for more than one polypeptide to be encoded by a single gene?a. Regulated transcriptionb. RNA interferencec. Alternative RNA processingd. Self-splicing of intronse. RNA methylationAnswer: cSection: 14.2Comprehension Question16. Which of the following elements