Test Bank forChapter 9: Bacterial and Viral Genetic SystemsMultiple Choice Questions4. Which of the following facts would NOT be considered as an advantage for using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies?a. Rapid reproduction and high progeny number15. Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance in bacteria is NOT true?Hfr strainOrder of transferShort-Answer QuestionsTest Bank for Chapter 9: Bacterial and Viral Genetic SystemsMultiple Choice Questions1. Bacterial mutants that require supplemental nutrients in their growth media are called a. autotrophs.b. heterotrophs.c. prototrophs.d. omnitrophs.e. auxotrophs.Answer: eSection: 9.1Comprehension Question2. Which of the following statements about nutritional requirement and growth of bacteria is NOT true?a. Culture media developed for bacteria must contain carbon source and essential elements for the survival of the bacteria.b. Auxotrophic mutants can grow on medium that lack carbon source because they can synthesize their own nutrients.c. Each bacterium has specific nutritional needs and conditions for successful cultivation.d. Prototrophic bacterial strains can grow on minimal media.e. The growth rate of bacteria on specific media can be assessed by the number and size of bacterial colonies.Answer: bSection: 9.1Comprehension Question3. Bacterial strains that can produce all the necessary compounds and therefore grow on minimal media are calleda. autotrophs.b. heterotrophs.c. prototrophs.d. omnitrophs.e. auxotrophs.Answer: cSection: 9.1Comprehension Question4. Which of the following facts would NOT be considered as an advantage for using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies?a. Rapid reproduction and high progeny numberb. Haploid genome for expressing mutationsc. Complete absence of recombination, which maintains the integrity of genome d. Low cost to maintain and little storage space requirede. Genomes being small and readily subjected to genetic manipulationAnswer: cSection: 9.1Comprehension Question5. Which of the following statements about bacterial genome is NOT true?a. All bacteria contain a single circular double stranded DNA as their genome.b. Some bacteria may have linear chromosomes instead of circular one.c. In addition to chromosome, many bacteria possess small extrachromosomal DNA called plasmid.d. Each plasmid contains an origin of replication that allows independent replication for its maintenance.e. The F factor, which is important for bacterial conjugation is found as a circular episome of E.coli.Answer: aSection: 9.1Comprehension Question6. What is the result of conjugation between F’ and F– cells?a. One F+ cellsb. Two F’ cellsc. Two F+ cellsd. One Hfr and one F– cellse. Two Hfr cellsAnswer: bSection: 9.1Application Question7. Bacterial cells containing an F plasmid that has acquired bacterial chromosomal genes are called a. F+.b. F′.c. F–.d. Hfr.Answer: bSection: 9.2Comprehension Question8. A bacterial cell transfers chromosomal genes to F– cells, but it rarely causes them to become F+. The bacterial cell isa. Hfr.b. lysogenic.c. auxtrophic.d. lytic.e. F+Answer: aSection: 9.2Comprehension Question9. Which of the following statements about genetic exchange in bacteria is NOT true? a. In some viruses, the DNA that encodes one gene product can overlap with DNA that encodes a different gene product. b. Plasmids do not have to integrate into the host cell chromosome in order to be replicated. c. Interrupted conjugation results in the production of Hfr strains. d. The order of gene transfer is not the same for different Hfr strains. e. Antibiotic resistance can be transferred from one bacterial cell to another by conjugation. Answer: cSection: 9.2Comprehension Question10. Which of the following will have the least influence on the efficiency of transformation in E. coli bacteria?a. Calcium chloride treatmentb. Heat shockc. Electrical fieldd. Chilling on the icee. The amount of foreign DNAAnswer: dSection: 9.2Comprehension Question11. Which of the following horizontal gene transfer mechanisms would specifically use time as abasic unit of mapping? a. Transformationb. Crossing-overc. Transductiond. Conjugatione. RecombinationAnswer: dSection: 9.2Comprehension Question12. The transfer of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell through a cytoplasmic connection iscalled a. transformation.b. transduction.c. lysogenic cycle.d. lytic cycle.e. conjugation.Answer: eSection: 9.2Comprehension Question13. When the F integrates into the E. coli chromosome, the result is an _______ strain.a. Hfrb. F–c. F+d. F’e. F+/–Answer: bSection: 9.2Comprehension Question14. Cotransformation between two genes is more likely if they area. close to one another.b. far apart from one another.c. both next to the F factor.d. both oriented in the same direction.e. not located on the same chromosome.Answer: aSection: 9.2Comprehension Question15. Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance in bacteria is NOT true?a. Antibiotic resistance cannot be conferred by conjugation as conjugation only affects the fertility of bacteria.b. The antibiotic resistance gene can be transmitted to bacteria via transformation or transduction.c. Environments where antibiotics are frequently used such as hospitals are under the higherrisk of developing antibiotic resistance.d. Antibiotic resistance often originates from the microbes that produce antibiotics for their own survival.e. The plasmid containing the antibiotic resistance gene can pass the genes to genetically unrelated bacteria.Answer: aSection: 9.2Comprehension Question16. leu– bacteria are mixed in a flask with leu+ bacteria, and soon all bacteria are leu+. However, if the leu– cells are on one side of a U-tube and the leu+ cells are on the other, the leu– cells donot become prototrophic. Which process is likely to produce this observed result?a. Conjugationb. Transductionc. Transformationd. Reciprocal translocatione. TransfectionAnswer: aSection: 9.2Application Question17. How are Hfr strains of bacteria different from F+ strains?a. Cells of Hfr strains are able to transfer chromosomal genes, whereas cells of F+ strains cannot.b. Cells of Hfr strains cannot initiate conjugation with F− cells.c. The F factor is integrated into the bacterial chromosome in all or most cells of an Hfr strain but in only a few cells in an F+ strain.d. Cells of Hfr strains carry F’ plasmids, whereas F+ cells do not.e. Cells of Hfr strains can initiate