Test Bank forChapter 25: Population GeneticsMultiple Choice QuestionsTest Bank for Chapter 25: Population Genetics Multiple Choice Questions1. A Mendelian population is defined by individuals asa. interbreeding. b. inbreeding. c. evolving. d. segregating.e. migrating.Answer: aSection 25.1Comprehension2. The _______________ is all of the genetic information within a Mendelian population.a. effective population sizeb. Hardy–Weinberg equilibriumc. fitnessd. genotypic frequencye. gene poolAnswer: eSection 25.1Application3. When considering the gene pool of a population, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium may apply toa. only the entire genome but not individual loci.b. one locus but not necessarily another.c. dominant and recessive alleles, but not codominant alleles.d. only to the effective number of breeders.e. only autosomal but not X-linked loci.Answer: bSection 25.2Comprehension4. Which of the following does NOT bring about evolution in a population? a. Small population sizeb. Migration of individuals from a population with a different genetic structurec. Mutationd. Selectione. Random matingAnswer: eSection 25.2Comprehension5. DNA typing is used to compare evidence DNA (E) left at a crime scene to two suspects (S1 and S2). Suspect 1 is excluded by the evidence, but suspect 2 remains included. What is the frequency of suspect 2’s genotype if the allele frequencies in the population are f(A1) = 0.1, f(A2) = 0.2, and f(A3) = 0.7 and the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?a. 0.01b. 0.02c. 0.04d. 0.28e. 0.49Answer: cSection 25.2Comprehension6. Suppose that in a population the frequency of a particular recessive condition is 1/400. Assume the presence of only a dominant allele (A) and a recessive allele (a) in the populationand that the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. What is the frequency of the recessive allele that causes the condition? a. 0.000625b. 0.0025c. 0.025d. 0.05e. 0.95Answer: dSection 25.2Comprehension7. Suppose that in a population the frequency of a particular recessive condition is 1/400. Assume the presence of only a dominant allele (A) and a recessive allele (a) in the populationand that the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. What is the frequency of heterozygotes in the population? a. 0.0025b. 0.05c. 0.095 d. 0.9025e. 0.0475Answer: cSection 25.2Comprehension8. If there are two alleles, A and a, in a population and the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, which frequency of A would produce the greatest frequency of heterozygotes?a. 0.1b. 0.25c. 0.5d. 0.75e. 1Answer: cSection 25.2Comprehension9. If there is random mating in a population and no evolutionary forces are acting on the population, what will be the expected outcome?a. The allele frequencies will remain the same, but the genotype distribution will change.b. The genotype distribution will remain the same, but the allele frequencies will change.c. Both the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies will change.d. Both the genotype distribution and the allele frequencies will remain the same.e. No prediction can be made about the genotype distribution and allele frequencies from one generation to the next.Answer: dSection 25.2Comprehension10. One way to define ______________ is any change in allele frequencies within a population.a. mutationb. natural selectionc. equilibriumd. evolutione. sampling errorAnswer: dSection 25.2Application11. _______________ increases the frequency of homozygotes in a population compared to the results of random mating.a. Inbreedingb. Migrationc. Outcrossingd. Genetic drifte. Directional selectionAnswer: aSection 25.3Comprehension12. Which of the following evolutionary forces does NOT normally change allele frequencies?a. Nonrandom mating b. Mutation c. Selection d. Drifte. MigrationAnswer: aSection 25.3Comprehension13. If the frequency of a recessive disease causing allele (q) is 0.005, what is the frequency of individuals with the disease in a population with an inbreeding coefficient of 0.25?a. 0.00127b. 0.000025c. 0.991d. 0.00125e. 0.0025Answer: aSection 25.3Comprehension14. The _________________ measures the probability of alleles being identical by descent.a. selection coefficientb. inbreeding coefficientc. gene poold. Hardy–Weinberg lawe. migration rateAnswer: bSection 25.4Comprehension15. _____________________ is the product of sampling errors and chance events that may resultin changes in allele frequencies.a. Mutationb. Genetic driftc. Directional selectiond. Inbreedinge. EvolutionAnswer: bSection 25.4Comprehension16. When an allele has a frequency of 1.0 in a population it is ___________ in the population.a. lostb. dominantc. overdominantd. fixede. recessiveAnswer: dSection 25.4Comprehension17. The only way for evolution to take place is if there is _______________ within a population.a. nonrandom matingb. natural selectionc. genetic driftd. Hardy–Weinberg equilibriume. genetic variationAnswer: eSection 25.4Comprehension18. Differential reproduction of genotypes leads to evolution via what process?a. Inbreedingb. Natural selectionc. Genetic rescued. Genetic drifte. Mutational loadAnswer: bSection 25.4Comprehension19. In overdominance, the highest fitness is found in which genotype?a. Homozygote for the dominant alleleb. Homozygote for the recessive allelec. Heterozygoted. Mutante. Inbred recessiveAnswer: cSection 25.4Comprehension20. A population that goes through a dramatic reduction in size will experiencea. an effective population size.b. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.c. a genetic rescue.d. a genetic bottleneck.e. inbreeding depression.Answer: dSection 25.4Comprehension21. _________________ has the effect of homogenizing allele frequencies among populations.a. Migrationb. Sampling errorc. Directional selectiond. Assortative matinge. Selection-mutation equilibriumAnswer: aSection 25.4Comprehension22. Mutation has what effect on a population?a. It creates or increases genetic variation.b. It promotes the fixation of alleles.c. It reduces the amount of genetic variation.d. It homogenizes genetic variation across populations.e. It increases rates of outcrossing.Answer: aSection 25.4Comprehension23. Rapid changes in allelic frequencies by __________ take place in populations that are small.a. mutationb. natural selectionc. inbreedingd. outbreedinge. genetic driftAnswer: eSection 25.4Comprehension24. Which agent of evolution tends to reduce genetic variation between populations and increase genetic variation