Test Bank for:Chapter 11: Chromosome Structure and Organelle DNATest Bank for:Chapter 11: Chromosome Structure and Organelle DNAMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following is not true of negatively supercoiled DNA?a. Eases the separation of nucleotide strands during replication and transcription.b. Allows DNA to be packed into small spaces.c. Has less than 10 bp per turn of its helix.d. Is more negatively charged due to additional phosphates per turn of the helix.e. Is found in most cells.Answer: cSection: 11.1Comprehension Question2. How many complete rotations would most likely correspond to a positively supercoiled DNAmolecule that is 100 bp in length?a. 0b. 5c. 10d. 15e. 100Answer: dSection: 11.1Comprehension Question3. How many complete rotations would most likely correspond to a negatively supercoiled DNA molecule that is 100 bp in length?a. 0b. 5c. 10d. 15e. 100Answer: bSection: 11.1Comprehension Question4. How many complete rotations would most likely correspond to a relaxed DNA molecule that is 100 bp in length?a. 0b. 5c. 10d. 15e. 100Answer: cSection: 11.1Comprehension Question5. How many base pairs per turn of the helix would most likely correspond to a relaxed DNA molecule?a. 0b. 5c. 10d. 15e. 100Answer: cSection: 11.1Comprehension Question6. How many base pairs per turn of the helix would most likely correspond to a positively supercoiled DNA molecule?a. 0b. 5c. 10d. 15e. 100Answer: bSection: 11.1Comprehension Question7. How many base pairs per turn of the helix would most likely correspond to a negatively supercoiled DNA molecule?a. 0b. 5c. 10d. 15e. 100Answer: dSection: 11.1Comprehension Question8. Which of the following is not true of bacterial DNA?a. Most bacterial genomes consist of a single circular DNA molecule.b. Bacterial DNA is not attached to any proteins that help to compact it.c. Bacterial DNA is confined to a region in the cell called the nucleoid.d. Many bacteria contain additional DNA in the form of small circular molecules called plasmids.e. About 3 to 4 million base pairs of DNA are found in a typical bacterial genome.Answer: bSection: 11.1Comprehension Question9. You are studying a small eukaryotic gene of about 2000 bp in length. Estimate how many copies of histone H4 you would find along this region of the chromosome.a. 10b. 20c. 40d. 80e. 100Answer: bSection: 11.1Comprehension Question10. You are studying a small eukaryotic gene of about 2000 bp in length. Estimate how many copies of histone H1 you would find along this region of the chromosome.a. 10b. 20c. 40d. 80e. 100Answer: aSection: 11.1Comprehension Question 11. The human Y chromosome is about 50 million base pairs long. About how many nucleosomes would you expect to find associated with this chromosome?a. 2,500b. 50,000c. 250,000d. 1,000,000e. 50,000,000Answer: aSection: 11.1Comprehension Question12. Which of the following amino acids has a positive charge that helps to hold the DNA in contact with the histones?a. Alanineb. Argininec. Leucined. Valinee. SerineAnswer: bSection: 11.1Comprehension Question13. Which of the following is not true of heterochromatin?a. Remains in a highly condensed state throughout the cell cycleb. Makes up most chromosomal material and is where most transcription occursc. Exists at the centromeres and telomeresd. Occurs along one entire X chromosome in female mammals when this X becomes inactivatede. Is characterized by the absence of crossing over and replication late in the S phaseAnswer: bSection: 11.1Comprehension Question14. How does histone acetylation affect chromatin?a. It loosens the chromatin and allows increased transcription.b. It allows DNA to become resistant to damage.c. It helps the histones have a greater affinity for DNA.d. It inhibits DNA replication by making it more difficult to separate the DNA strands.e. It causes the chromatin to become more condensed in preparation for metaphase.Answer: aSection: 11.1Comprehension Question15. Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic change in eukaryotes?a. A loss of an AT base pair from a geneb. The addition of methyl groups to cytosines in the promoter region of a genec. The substitution of an AT base pair by a GC base pair in a gene as a result of a mistake during DNA replicationd. A deletion that simultaneously removes two genes from the genomee. None of the above represent epigenetic changes.Answer: bSection: 11.1Comprehension Question16. The agouti locus helps determine coat color in mice, and this phenotype can vary from light to dark between genetically identical individuals. You have discovered a drug that reduces the variation in the agouti phenotype. What is a likely explanation for this drug’s mechanismof action.a. Inhibits DNA polymerasesb. Inhibits DNA methyl transferasesc. Activates shelterin proteinsd. Activates mitochondrial transcriptione. Causes DNA damageAnswer: b Section: 11.1 Comprehension Question17. Which of the following has repetitive DNA and heterochromatin?a. Telomereb. Centromerec. Mitochondriad. Chloroplaste. a and bAnswer: eSection: 11.2Comprehension Question18. Where would you expect to find the variant histone CenH3?a. telomereb. euchromatinc. centromered. mitochondriae. chloroplastAnswer: cSection: 11.2Comprehension Question19. Telomeres exist to help with the _________ of the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.a. transcriptionb. replicationc. metabolismd. destabilizatione. translationAnswer: bSection: 11.2Comprehension Question20. A normal chromosome in a higher eukaryotic species would be expected to contain all of the following except:a. One centromereb. One telomerec. Two copies of histone 2A per nucleosomed. Satellite DNAe. Tandem repeat sequencesAnswer: bSection: 11.2Comprehension Question21. An Alu sequence is an example of which type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes?a. Moderately repetitive DNAb. Highly repetitive DNAc. Short interspersed elementsd. Long interspersed elementse. Unique-sequence DNAAnswer: cSection: 11.3Comprehension Question22. A telomere is an example of which type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes?’a. moderately repetitive DNAb. Highly repetitive DNAc. Short interspersed elementsd. Long interspersed elementse. Unique-sequence DNAAnswer: bSection: 11.3Comprehension Question23. A gene-encoding sequence is an example of which type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes?a. Moderately repetitive DNAb. Highly repetitive DNAc. Short interspersed elementsd. Long interspersed elementse. Unique-sequence DNAAnswer: eSection: 11.3Comprehension