FDETest Bank forMultiple-Choice QuestionsBShort-Answer QuestionsTest Bank for Chapter 20: Genomics and ProteomicsMultiple-Choice Questions1. For a genetic map of a chromosome, distances are measured in units ofa. ESTs.b. RFLPs.c. centiMorgans.d. base pairs.e. contigs.Answer: cSection 20.1Comprehension2. Which of the following is true of genetic maps?a. They are derived from direct analysis of DNA.b. They are based on frequencies of recombination between loci.c. They have a high level of detail rivaling that of physical maps.d. They always accurately correspond to physical distances between genes.e. They are more accurate than physical maps.Answer: bSection 20.1Comprehension3. For a physical map of a chromosome, distances are measured in units ofa. ESTs.b. RFLPs.c. centiMorgans.d. base pairs.e. contigs.Answer: dSection 20.1Comprehension4. Loci that are far aparta. have a higher recombination rate than loci that are close together.b. exhibit a recombination frequency of greater than 50%.c. always segregate together in meiosis.d. influence the phenotype to a lesser degree than loci that are close together.e. have less attraction than close loci.Answer: aSection 20.1Comprehension5. A sequence database of ESTs (expressed sequence tags)a. is a map of the entire genome.b. contains only the transcribed sequences of a genome.c. details the single-nucleotide differences between individuals in a population.d. identifies the sites in the genome that are active in recombination.e. can be used to find inactive genes in a particular tissue.Answer: bSection 20.1Comprehension6. In the following list of cloned fragments, the fragments needed to make the longest possible contig, with the least amount of overlap, areCloned fragment markers presentABCDEFa. A, B, F.b. A, B, C, E.c. B, C, D, F.d. B, C, D, E, F.e. A, B, C, D, E, F.Answer: cSection 20.1ComprehensionM4 M5M1 M2 M3M6 M7 M8 M3 M4 M5 M6M3 M4 M5M8 M9 M107. A linear DNA fragment is cut with a restriction enzyme to yield two fragments. How many restriction sites are there for the enzyme in this fragment?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4e. Cannot be determined with this information.Answer: aSection 20.1Comprehension8. As set of overlapping DNA fragments that form a contiguous stretch of DNA is called aa. chromosome.b. sequence.c. map.d. contig.e. clone.Answer: dSection 20.1Comprehension9. A section of a genome is cut with three enzymes: A, B, and C. Cutting with A and B yields a 10kb fragment. Cutting with B and C yields a 2kb fragment. What is the expected result froma digest with A and C, if the C site lies in between the A and B sites?a. A 12kb fragmentb. An 8kb fragmentc. An 8kb and a 2kb fragmentd. A 10kb and a 2kb fragmente. A 10kb, an 8kb, and a 2kb fragmentAnswer: bSection 20.1Comprehension10. If a restriction enzyme cuts a circular DNA into three fragments, how many restriction sites are there in the DNA?a. Twob. Threec. Fourd. SixChapter 20e. FiveAnswer: bSection 20.1Comprehension11. You’ve cloned a 2kb fragment of DNA into a bacterial cloning vector and want to construct arestriction map of the insert. You amplify the 2kb insert using PCR, purify it, and subject it todifferential digestion with the enzymes EcoRI and HindIII, gel-fractionate the digests, and visualize the restriction patterns by staining the gels with ethidium bromide to generate the following results. Using these data, indicate the order of restriction sites in the DNA insert.Restriction fragment lengthsEcoRI 150 bp, 500 bp, 1250 bp, 100 bpHindIII 350 bp, 650 bp, 1000 bpEcoRI/HindIII 100 bp, 150 bp, 200 bp, 300 bp, 350 bp, 900 bpa. EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRIb. HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIIIc. HindIII, EcoRI, HindIII, HindIII, EcoRId. HindIII, EcoRI, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRIe. EcoRI, EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRI, HindIIIAnswer: aSection 20.1Application12. You’ve cloned a 2kb fragment of DNA into a bacterial cloning vector and want to construct arestriction map of the insert. You amplify the 2kb insert using PCR, purify it, and subject it todifferential digestion with the enzymes EcoRI and HindIII, gel-fractionate the digests, and visualize the restriction patterns by staining the gels with ethidium bromide to generate the following results. Using these data, which two loci would be closest on a genetic map if the frequency of crossing over is equal in this region?Restriction fragment lengthsEcoRI 150 bp, 500 bp, 1250 bp, 100 bpHindIII 350 bp, 650 bp, 1000 bpEcoRI/HindIII 100 bp, 150 bp, 200 bp, 300 bp, 350 bp, 900 bpa. The EcoRI sites that are 100 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM.b. The HindIII sites that are 750 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM.c. *c. The HindIII site and the EcoRI site that are 200 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM.d. The EcoRI site and the HindIII site that are 300 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM.e. The EcoRI sites that are 150 bp apart would show the smallest distance in cM.Answer: cSection 20.1Application13. Which of the following is a disadvantage of map-based sequencing over shotgun sequencing?a. Map-based sequencing minimizes the amount of repeat sequencing in which the same region is sequenced several times.b. Map-based sequencing yields well-characterized physical maps as well as actual sequences.c. The relationship of overlapping fragments to sequences is known before sequencing begins.d. Map-based sequencing is more time-consuming because extensive mapping is required before sequencing starts.e. Restriction patterns can be used to identify overlapping clones. Answer: dSection 20.1Application14. Linkage disequilibrium is the nonrandom association among SNPs within a haplotype. Over time, would you expect linkage disequilibrium among markers to be maintained, to increase, or to decrease?a. Decrease, because random mutation will generate new SNPs that will give rise to new haplotypesb. Decrease, because crossing over will break up the physical linkage among markersc. Increase, because unequal crossing over will create between SNPs to decrease the physical distance between themd. Increase, because positive selection will cause the haplotype to become more commone. Be maintained, because there is no selective pressure to change the frequency of haplotypes in the populationAnswer: bSection 20.1Application15. Crossing over is often reduced around centromeric regions of chromosomes. If you were trying to construct a genetic map of two linked marker loci in this region, what