Multiple-Choice QuestionsShort-Answer QuestionsTest Bank for Chapter 21: EpigeneticsMultiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following is NOT an example of epigenetics?a. Independent assortment of allelesb. Genomic imprintingc. Creation of iPSCsd. Paramutatione. X inactivationAnswer: aSection 21.1Comprehension2. How would you expect DNA methylation to alter gene expression?a. Extremely increase expressionb. Moderately increase expressionc. No change in expressiond. Measurably decrease expressione. Either increase or decrease expressionAnswer: dSection 21.2Comprehension3. Which of the following is NOT true of DNA methylation?a. It is associated with transcription repression.b. It occurs on cytosines adjacent to guanines.c. Cytosines on both strands are usually methylated.d. It is carried out by DNA methyltransferases.e. Methylation is permanent and cannot be reversed.Answer: eSection 21.2Comprehension4. What type of enzyme would most likely promote increased gene expression?a. DNA methyltransferaseb. DNA demethylasec. DNA polymerased. DNA ligasee. DNAseAnswer: bSection 21.2Comprehension 5. What characteristic of DNA allows methylation patterns to be maintained through replicationand cell division?a. Semiconservative replicationb. Recombination and repairc. The absence of uracild. Topoisomerasese. Deoxyribonucleotide synthesisAnswer: aSection 21.2 Comprehension6. Which of the following is NOT true of honeybees?a. Queen bees and worker bees are both female.b. Worker bees are smaller than queen bees.c. Queen bees develop by being fed royal jellyd. Worker bees produce eggs to maintain the hive population.e. Queen bees and worker bees are genetically identical.Answer: dSection 21.2Comprehension7. What is the molecular basis of the epigenetic effect of royal jelly?a. Inhibits Dnmt3, causes less DNA methylationb. Inhibits Dnmt3, causes more DNA methylationc. Inhibits Hdac3, causes less histone acetylationd. Inhibits Dnmt3, causes less histone methylatione. Inhibits Dnmt3, causes more histone methylationAnswer: aSection 21.2Comprehension8. What do you expect would develop if you injected Dnmt3 siRNA into honeybee larvae?a. Male droneb. Female workerc. Female queend. Male drone or female workere. Female worker or queenAnswer: cSection 21.2Comprehension9. How does histone acetylation affect chromatin structure?a. Neutralizes positive histone charges and binds to DNA more tightlyb. Neutralizes negative histone charges and binds to DNA more tightlyc. Increases positive histone charges and binds to DNA more tightlyd. Neutralizes positive histone charges and binds to DNA more looselye. Neutralizes negative histone charges and binds to DNA more looselyAnswer: dSection 21.2Comprehension10. What effect does histone acetylation have on transcription?a. Extremely decrease expressionb. Moderately decrease expressionc. No change in expressiond. Measurably increase expressione. Either increase or decrease expressionAnswer: dSection 21.2Comprehension11. Which of the following is an example of “crosstalk” in epigenetics?a. DNA methylation leads to histone deacetylation.b. DNA methylation leads to histone acetylation.c. H2B ubiquitylation leads to H3K79 methylation.d. a and ce. b and cAnswer: dSection 21.2Comprehension12. What histone modifications are associated with DNA repair?a. H3K27 acetylationb. H3K79 methylationc. H2B ubiquitylationd. a and ce. b and cAnswer: eSection 21.2Comprehension13. What effect would the deamination of 5-methylcytosine in a promoter have on the expressionof that gene?a. The gene will have increased expression because this chemical reaction will result in unmethylated cytosine.b. The gene will have increased expression because this chemical reaction will result in thymine.c. The gene will have increased expression because this chemical reaction will result in uracil.d. The gene will have decreased expression because this chemical reaction will result in unmethylated cytosine.e. The gene will have decreased expression because this chemical reaction will result in uracil.Answer: bSection 21.2Application14. You are a researcher trying to understand the epigenetic mechanisms of queen bee development. Which of the following experimental manipulations would probably not lead to the development of a queen bee?a. Feeding royal jelly to a female honeybee larvab. Feeding decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, to a female larvac. Injecting Dnmt3 siRNA into a female honeybee larvad. Activation of a DNA cytosine deaminase enzyme in a female larvae. Feeding royal jelly to an adult worker honeybee.Answer: eSection 21.2Application15. The promoter of gene A has histones that are acetylated on lysine 27 of histone H3, and the promoter of gene B has histones that are methylated on lysine 4 of histone H3. Which gene is being actively transcribed?a. Gene A, because histone acetylation is associated with gene expressionb. Gene A, because histone acetylation is associated with gene silencingc. Gene B, because histone methylation is associated with gene expressiond. Gene B, because histone acetylation is associated with gene silencinge. Both genes are actively transcribed because both of those marks are associated with gene expression.Answer: eSection 21.2Application16. Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of paramutation?a. The expression pattern is transmitted to future generations.b. The altered allele is able to convert other alleles.c. No DNA sequence differences between alleles.d. Mutation of coding sequences generates new alleles.e. These are all defining features of paramutation.Answer: dSection 21.3Comprehension17. How is the epigenetic trait induced by vinclozolin transmitted to offspring?a. DNA methylation is increased in sperm of treated males, and this methylation pattern is inherited by offspring.b. Treated males are more successful at mating, so more offspring inherit the trait.c. Females exposed to the drug produce fewer eggs, and the resulting offspring exhibit this same phenotype.d. Treated females have increased DNA methylation in neuronal cells, which alters their mating behaviors.Answer: aSection 21.3Comprehension18. A group of scientists is studying memory in mice. They feed sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, to a group of older mice and then subject them to memory exercises. How do you predict the memory of treated mice might compare with the memory of untreated mice?a. Histone acetylation increases with age, so sodium butyrate may