PSYC 1315 1st Edition Lecture 33 Last Lecture Psychological Disorders Current Lecture Therapies Biological Therapies Treatments to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual s body functions Psychotherapy Non medical process that helps individuals recognize and overcome their problems Drug Therapies Antidepressant Change the effectiveness of neurotransmitters implicated in mood disorders Antianxiety Reduce tension and anxiety Antipsychotic Reduce positive symptoms delusions or hallucinations of schizophrenia Electroconvulsive Therapy Brief electric current delivered to the brain Introduced in the 1930s http www youtube com watch v DCUmINGae44 feature related Used to combat major depression Much less discomfort now Given anesthesia and muscle relaxers Psychosurgery Involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual s adjustment 1930s prefrontal lobotomy Separation of frontal lobe Cingulotomy Destroy small portion of limbic system Psychotherapy Process to help individuals recognize define and overcome psychological and interpersonal difficulties Insight therapy Treatment that encourages insight and self awareness Uses psychodynamic and humanistic therapies Effectiveness of Psychotherapy All therapies are winners Factors in Successful Psychotherapy therapeutic therapist alliance monitored expertise personality client active engagement Psychodynamic Therapy Psychoanalysis Uncover hidden impulses and memories locked in the unconscious Freud Free association Dream analysis Manifest vs Latent content Humanistic Therapies Clients are encouraged to understand themselves and grow personally Client centered Therapist Therapy provides an unconditionally warm and supportive atmosphere Nondirective empathic positive regard Gestalt Therapy Therapist challenges clients in order to help them become more aware of their feelings and face their problems May encourage the client to act out hostile feelings Behavior Therapies Use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior Behavioral therapists assume that the overt symptoms are the problem Conditioning Techniques Conditioning remember Pavlov Useful for phobias Systematic Desensitization Use an anxiety hierarchy and relaxation techniques Aversive Conditioning Replace something pleasant with something unpleasant smoking biting nails Operant conditioning Behavior modification Using Token Patients Cognitive Therapies Emphasize operant conditioning to change human behavior economics are rewarded with small tokens when they act in appropriate ways that individuals cognitions or thoughts are the main source of abnormal behavior Cognitive restructuring Changing Types of Cognitive Therapy Rational Emotive a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing the maladaptive behavior or emotion Behavior Therapy Therapist acts like a cross examiner Verbally assaults the irrationality Beck s Cognitive Therapy Therapist acts like co investigator Clients keep records of their feelings reactions Cognitive Behavior Therapy A combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy self efficacy Group Therapy Several people treated simultaneously Disadvantages Shy don t want to discuss own problems in front of others Advantages Cost effective Hearing others talk can be educational alone Realize you aren t Family Therapy Therapist treats the family simultaneously Learn how to communicate and get along better Couples Therapy Group Support Groups Voluntary therapy with married or unmarried couples whose major problem lies within their relationship organizations of individuals who get together on a regular basis to discuss topics of common interest Online support groups Psychotherapy Factors Therapeutic alliance Relationship between the therapist and client Integrative therapy Combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist s judgment of which would work best with the client