PSYC 1315 1st Edition Lecture 29Last LectureSocial Psychology Current Lecture Social Psychology How to change people’s attitudes? Main elements: ◦The communicator (source)Trustworthy? Credible? Likeable? Powerful? ◦The messageFoot-in-the-door vs. Door-in-the-face ◦The mediumTelevision vs. Newspaper ◦The target (audience) Age and attitude Persuasion Elaboration likelihood model Two routes:◦Central (Deep) focus on the message Sound, logical argument ◦Peripheral (Surface) Unmotivated or unable to process Sources credibility is based attractiveness or emotional appealsAltruism An unselfish interest in helping someone else ◦Donations, volunteering, etcEgoism: ◦Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity; to gain self-esteem; to present oneself as powerful/caring; to avoid failing to live up to society’s expectations Empathy: ◦When we feel a oneness with the emotional state of another The bystander effect Reluctance to come to the aid of a person in need when other people are present 1964: Kitty Genovese Research example: ◦Fake seizure study Diffusion of Responsibility - Assumption that others have already or will help - Our sense of responsibility spreads out to all the individuals present - Example: CPR - Aggression - Biological Influences:◦Evolutionary views, Genetic basis, Neurobiological - factorsPsychological Factors: - ◦Frustrating and Aversive circumstances, Cognitive factors, Observational learning- Sociocultural Factors:◦Media violence, Cultural norms - Conformity - A change in a person’s behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard - Research example:◦Asch (1951): “simple perception study” - Conformity - Depends on:◦Group size (somewhat) and unanimity - ◦Informational social influence:Influenced by others because we want to be right - ◦Normative social influence - Influenced by others because we want to be liked and approved of Deindividuation- When being a part of a group reduces personal identity and erodes the sense of personal responsibility - Become less accountable for actions, less self- conscious, more anonymous - Social Contagion - Imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas - Ever wonder why when one baby cries, they all cry? - Social facilitation - Improvement in an individual’s performance because of the presence of others - Research examples: ◦Fishing line reeling, - eating, driving◦Does this work with - animals too? - Social Loafing- Tendency to put out less effort when working in a group compared to working alone - Research examples:◦Cheering while being blindfolded - Ways to alleviate:◦Meaningful task, point out individual
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