Hist 151 1st Edition Lecture 30Current LectureJacob Bernhardt: Renaissance and Modern- Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860)o More secular & moderno Not just revival of antiquity o Genius of Italian people o New modes of life: new culture- Work of art:o Spiritual individual- aware of place in societyo Marvels of nature & human potentialo Revivals of antiquityFranceso Petrach (1304-74)- Renaissance humanist- Invents middle ayer- Self-awareness; doubtInspiration of Classical World- Mania to rediscover and collect from pre-christian culture: fragments- New age: matteo Palmierio “full of hope and prophesize”Revolution of art- symmetry, balance- classical proportions- realistic yet realized- single point perspectiveo illusion of 3D and space mathematicalRenaissance society- demographic & economic crisis- political instability- instability of the social structure, its impact on leadership and cultureBlack Death- 1348 - in general, plagues were reality for society, coming every 7-10 years- came from crimea, merchant ships- caused by fleas that were carried by rats- mass burial, death carts- artistic representations- social responses of survivorso flagellants- whipping & suffering to creation of purityo rich people move to the countrysideo scapegoating- persecution Jews- Contributing factors and effectso Hunger and starvation- famine years (c. 1339)o Overpopulation & relative resource effects- disrupts tradeo Erodes basis of feudal/manorial economies Labor shortage and rising wages—revolt Creative response: efficiency, new wealth New business techniques New private fortune Patronage: valued culture14th century political instability- Hundred years war (1337-1453)o Joan of arc (1412-1431)- Babylonian captivity (1309-77)o Papacy in Avignon o Schism (1378-1417)- Imperial vs. papal claims in ItalyItaly: Urban gov’ts & regional states- Stronger urban gov’ts - Republics and despots- Regional states, food, labor, taxes, protectionsMilan- Renaissance despotism - Gian galeazzo Visconti (1378-1402): 21 cities in Po Valley- Francesco Sforza, duke, 1450- Ludovico aforza (d. 1508)- Benevolent despot??o Issue- legitimiacy of rule 15ht century Florence- Guild Republic- Medici Family o Cosimo de’ medici (d. 1464) Baker to the popes Control of electiono Lorenzo the Magnificent Golden age Pazzi conspiracy 1478- New type of political power & Machiavellio Secularized rationale o Does that make it right?o Ends justify means?- The rational Stateo New social agencieso Bureaucracy as a work of
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