HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 3Current LectureAncient Greece (continued)War and Threat to Democracy- 5th Century BCE-Powerful Persuaders o generals & Assembly (Pericles, Themistocles, and Alcibiades)- Persian Wars 499-479 BCEo Marathon- 490 BCE Messenger sent 26 miles to let Athenians know of victory (origin of marathon)o Leonidas @ Thermopylae- 480 BCE- Sparta defeated by Persianso Themistocles @ Salamis- 480 BCE- Athens defeated Persia at sea via naval fleets- After Persian Wars, Athens emerged as leader in culture, trade, imperialism, etco Golden Age Delian League- defensive league that contributed money to a fundto be used in times of war- Led to corruption- Athens took most of the money for personal development (Temples, architecture, etc)- Internal Peloponnesian Warso Pericles & his Charisma (charis is greek for grace)o Funeral oration in Thucydides- about lives lost in war Shows potency of oration in culture Influence: - Gettysburg Address - “dulce et decorum est pro patria mori”- Romanso “It is sweet and right to die for your country”o Poetry by Horace Low Pointso Alcibiades & his treachery (he would be ostracized) Connection to Socrates (he’s his student)- Sculptor philosopher - Ugly & barefoot- Fought in Peloponnesian War - Philosophy: Reason over Passion in decision making & seeking truth- Trial of Socrates o Charged with: Impiety Corrupting youtho He believed he had a daemon (inner spirit/voice) ofethics, truth, and justice Crisis & Culture- Greek attitude of questioning- Key to Greek drama, history, and philosophy- Herodotus (484-424 BCE) & Thucydides (460-400 BCE) on history o Herodotus Wrote on Peloponnesian wars - Wrote in terms of human events, not divine intervention- Aristophaneso Demagoguery- Socrates rejects democracy o Believes Athens was left to rule of mobs & ignorant peopleo Thought it should only be run by wise philosophersGreek Mind- Plato & Aristotle - Detail from Raphael’s School of Athens in the Vatican (16th century)o Body language Plato pointing upward Aristotle pointing forward- Questioning and Philosophy o Origins: Pre-Socrates Thales- School of Miletus- Water is building block of life Protagoras- Sophists - Power of persuasion- Rhetoric (language) vs. sophistry- Man is “the measure of all things”o Socrates- wisdom is its own end Vs. relativism Criticized sophists Dialogue & Socratic method (Q&A) Pursuit of wisdom via intellect using reason Wisdom is ethical; society is potentially good “unexamined life is not worth living” There is a natural order to everythingo Greek Metaphysics (meta means transcending) Values reside (truth, justice, beauty) Implied dualism: idea vs. matter- Ex. Legacy:o Christianity Spirit &flesh Descartes (mind &body)o Logocentric Logos= word as reason, reckoning, discourse Vs. mythos= word as story, narrative of meaning- Ex. Legacyo Christianity- the second person of the trinity=
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