HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 36Religious Civil Wars (1561-97)- Hugenot threat: S & SW France- their “national” appeal and paramilitary organization- Nobility dividedo Guise: Catholico Bourbon: Protestant- Machiavelli on France: easy to capture, hard to maintain- Civil War: 1561-97- Catherine de’ Medici (1519-89) married Henry II (d. 1559), Regent for Charles IX (r. 1560-74)More Civil War- Henry of Navarre’s (Bourbon) Wedding- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572o 20,000 killed (Huguenot)o Henry wounded, escapes; converts to save himself- Tedeum by Pope Gregory XIIIo His Gregorian calendar- Philip II of Spaino Happy about massacre of Huguenot- 1576 Henry III makes peace with Huguenots- Guise and Catholic League w/ Spain retaliate- King Orders murder of Henry, duke of guise (Catholic)- Henry III assassinated (1589)Henry IV (r. 1589-1610)- Monarchy weakened; succession to a Bourbon, Henry of Navarre - The politician on religiono Catholic, then Huguenot; 1572 Catholic; 1576 returned protestant; 1593 back to Catholicism - Threat of Spain: “Paris is well worth a mass”- State religion- Irony of tolerationo Edit of Nantes 1598- 1610- murdered; regicide, a crime against the stateEarly Modern Europe - shaping new outlooks, challenging old authorities- Renaissance as cultural revolution- Reformation as religious revolution w/ grave political impact- Commercial revolution, an economic one, important background to the age ofEuropean expansion Commercial Revolution - Roots in Middle Ages and Rennaisanceo Merchant class and credito Marco polo (d. 1324)o Fall of Constantinople 1453o 5 characteristics European expansion; exchange Mediteranean to Atlantic states (shift in location) Price revolution/ Inflation Gov’t involvement; merchantilism- Scaling up to big gov’t New economic attitude- Feudalism capitalism- Putting out system (similar to vertical integration)- New usury lawso Ie.
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