HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 20Charlemagne- 778 AD- sacks Pamplonao origins of legend of Roland (left to defend Charlemagne in battle), and beginnings of medieval chivalric literature people celebrated his bravery in battle in literature for centuries- administering an empireo Carolingian “silver” coino Silver Denarius o Missi dominicio Oath of loyaltyo Capitularieso A capital: Aachen- Coronation in Rome (800 AD)o Acclaimed “Charles Augustus”, crowned by God- As a leadero “vacant” in the Easto first power in the West since Rome o rivalry with the East; glorify his reign Hagia Sophia & Ravenna @ Aacheno Sword of the church; potential for protection or fear later- Carolingan Renaissance o Classical antiquity Boethius (d. 524 AD)—consolidation of philosophy; transitionsfrom Greek to Latin- Isabel of Seville (d. 636 AD)o Etiologies - The Palace school of Alcium- Einhard’s biography & Suetonius- Carolingian miniscule Division of empire- 843 AD (Treaty of Verdun)- territory divided equally among heirsLothair as King - “neither holy, nor Roman, nor empire”Charlemagne as symbol myth- church and state cooperating for now—spread of the latin right- donation of Constantine –Forgery Life in Middle Ages- medieval hierarchyo those who foughto those who prayedo those who toiledo women?- Two middle ageso Early (500-1000)o High (1000-1300)- Feudalism, a surrogate familyo Need for protection post Charlemagne 9th& 10th centuries- Feudalism as a vertical systemo Germanic, not meditteranean o Surrogate for clan ties: N France, W. Germany 11th century England via Normanso Comitatus & the value of an oath (sacred) “exchange of land for services under contract” sealed with an oatho a private contract personal bond basis of private (common) law, not state law like Romans- Vassalageo Vassal- Celtic for boy or servanto Fief- grant of land or its useo Investiture ceremony Ie. Count of Flanders Also in the churcho Mutual obligations Homage (home = man) Counsel, military, moneyo Richard the Lion (1189-99 AD); 3rd crusade; ransom to Henry VIo Later feudalism 12th century chivalric culture, crusades and Arthurian legendTwo Feudal Ages- first 500-1050o foundations- Second 1050- 1300o Rights & obligations more definedo Growth of medieval monarchieso solution to problem of authorityManorialism (how to make a living off of a fief)- the manor developed from Latifundia- biparte: demense & serf holdings; common lands- productivity: 3-field system; heavy plowo 3-field system= only using 2/3 of land at a time before rotating- self-sufficiency - work obligations: 3 days; rent in kind (pay rent); gifts *****SERFS WERE NEVER VASSALS (ONLY UPPER CLASS CAN BE VASSALS*****-- 5pts off of any exam/paper if anyone says they
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