HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 32Luther & ReformationLate medieval religion in crisiso Respublica christiana ; the medieval synthesis weakenso Monopoly on salvation; pope and empireo Renaissance part of challenge/breakdowno Church’s failure to respond Church less receptive in 13th century John Hus burned as heretic Babylonian captivity (1305-78) Weakened by schism Popes perceived as princeso Response to laity Mounting criticism- satire Extreme pentinance Lay piety- John Wydeffe (d. 1384) and lollards; influenced Hus Mysticism - Brethren of the common; devotion moderna - Thomas a kempis; imitation Christi (c. 1471) Christian humanism- Erasmus (d. 1536)- Philosophia Christio Martin Luther Early life to wittenberg- Father’s ambitions- 1505 vow to St. Ann- 1507 ordained Augustinian- 1508 University at Wittenberg Pilgrimage to Rome (1509-10) & shock Frederick “the Wise” of Saxony (1463-1525)- 17k relics; 6 million days offo problem of relics & indulgences- treasury of merits of Christ and saints for penance, need contrition, confession, satisfaction, absolution (indulgences) o 1517 Indulgences controversy abuses the occasion-Frederick prohibits sale in Saxony luther morally offended 95 theses for university debate (in Latin)- church greed and deception- printed and distributed Leipzig debates (1519)- w/ Johannes Eck- Luther: pope & council can err (be wrong)Luther’s Reformation Theology (1520)- 3 reformation tractso address to the Christian nobility of the german nationo the Babylonian captivity of the church o on Christian liberty- Justification by faith; romans 1:17 “the just shall live by faith”-direct relationship b/t individual &- Sola scriptura- bible scripture alone is only authority of Christian faith- Priesthood of all believers- Sacraments: reduced from 7 to 2o Baptismo Eucharist - Consubstantiation (Luther’s idea) vs. transubstantiation (traditional idea)o C: body and blood of Christ stand together as one o T: transformation of bread and wine to body and blood of Christ done by priest Road to Worms- 1520 exsurge Domine: 41 heresies to recant- why was luther not just another heretic? He had protection- excommunicated in 1521- 1521 diet @ wormso break of universal Catholicism o newly elected Charles Vo Luther- “Here I Stand”o Hides in whartenburg castle; translate bible to
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