Hist 151 1st Edition Lecture 15Current Lecture- Sigmund Freud- Austrian psychoanalyst o “civilization & its discontents” ancient Rome used as model and metaphor for how human mind works (human psyche) civilization and its layers- ex. San Clemente church in Rome- mithra- used in military as culto demi-god: violent warrioro bull sacrificeo warrior killed and immortality- Christianity Differedo Later became dominate religion in empireo Total commitmentmonotheismo Dynamism; missionizingo Strict moral codeo Welcomed outcasts—women and slaveso Spread evidence of: Nero’s prosecutions (54-68 BC) Paul’s executiono Religion of lower classes Reputed vulgar & cannibalistic o No universal appeal yet**- A world religion- 3rd and 4th centuryo Appeal to educated, upper classo Influence of stoicism (esp. Neplatonism) Plontinus (d. 270 CE)o Paul, Greek terms & platonic notions- 3rd Century o Diocletian & reforming- 4th Centuryo toleration & incorporationo Constantine (272-337 CE) Edict of Milan (313 sanctions)o Theodosius (347-395 CE) Made Christianity official religion (392 CE)- Lays foundation for medieval church/ imperial church- Bishop of Rome= pope Old roman state gods aren’t allowed to be worshipped More loyal to church than to emperor Adopts roman administration structure Leads to future problems between church and state- Early Christian Arto Mosaics- similar to ancient Rome- 4th Century Trinitarian Doctrinal Disputeso Arius (d. 336 CE) & the Arians (his followers) Rational approach Jesus subordinated to God-not divine Form (God) & substance (man) are differento Gnostics in Egypt Platonists & the immortal soul Jesus spiritual, not material Can’t rationalize religiono Athanasius- bishop of Alexandria (d. 373 CE) Matter of faith, not logic- Limits to human reason 3 equal elements (Trinidad-father, son, and holy spirit)o Constantine’s council of Nicea (325 CE) Brought together to solve issue of discrepancies Sets precedent for secular interference Specific doctrine both a strength and a weakness The protestant reformation aheado The (false) Donation of Constantine medieval legend Constantine grants Pope Sylvester rule over West Foundation of the medieval “imperial” papacyMedieval forgery
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