HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 35New Vigor, New Orders- Ignatus of Loyola (1491-1521)- Spiritual exercises- Society of Jesus (Jesuits)- 1540o Live in the world, combat & converto Educate- St. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582)o Mystico Way of perfection- The Somber Sideo Inquisition revivedo Holy Office (1542)o The index of prohibited books (1559)o Europe confessionalized- New Monarchyo Process feudal to national monarchyo Monarch embodies the state Bureaucracy, courts, taxation, concentration of wealth Armies, patronage by ruler, capitol, symbolismo Machiavelli Religion, a state-built secular state- Prince= state- No superior political figure The old problem of political authorityReformation—Religion and Politics= bloody- Affected state building- 1555- legacy of Augsburgo “cuiusm region eio religio”o both divisive and unifying warring factions, but can lead to national spirito religion a new weapono irony of toleration- England-Limited monarchyo Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547)o “defender of the faith” vs. fathero 1535 reformation for dynastic politics & divorce, not religiono uses parliamento divorce and reformation Catherine of Aragon- Lacked male heir- Annulment denied- Sack of Rome (1527)- Henry’s break w/ Papacy Anne Bolyen m. 1533 secretly- Act of Supremacy 1534 & Parliamento The king is “pope” in England- Divorces Catherine 1535- Confiscation of Church landso £ 1.5 million windfall- Patronage and the new gentry Religious problem- Tied to the person of the monarch- Edward VI (r. 1547-53)o Son Jane seymour: raised protestant, under duke of Sommerseto Spread of Protestantismo Book of Common Prayer 1549o 3 groups: church of England Reformed Protestants (Calvanists) Catholics- “Bloody” Mary (1553-8)o Catherine of Aragon’s Daughtero Persecution of Protestantso Celebrations @ her deatho New protestant martyrs Book of Martyrs (1563) by John Foxe Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603)- Restores church of England for political reasons, peace- Elizabethan settlement (1559)o Crown supreme in both religious and temporal matters- Hardens Line v. Catholicso Mary Queen of Scots (d. 1587)- Virgin Queen: Armanda portrait - Strained relations w/ parliament, called only 13 timesEnglish Civil War Ahead (1640-89)- Parliament disbanded 1640- Charles I beheaded 1649- Cromwell, Charles II, James II (Catholic)France & Absolutism- Francis I (r. 1515-47)- Centralized power and controlled chuch w/ o a reformationo Concordat of bologna 1516o Patronage powero Corruption in appointeeso Spread of Calvanism (Huguenots)- Religious divisions, social unrest, civil
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