BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I Animal nervous systems II Types of nerve cells III Neuron organization a WATCH PODCAST IV Glial cells a Characteristics function b Myelin sheath V Salutatory propagation in vertebrates a Refer to fig 35 11 VI Resting membrane potential a Depolarization in action potential b Repolarization in action potential VII Action potential propagation VIII Neurotoxins IX Synapses Outline of Current Lecture I Nerves and nervous systems a CNS vs peripheral b Autonomic i Sympathetic ii Parasympathetic II Reflexes not all signals go to brain III Sensory receptor types IV Sensory system examples V Evolution of the eye and vision Current Lecture Central nervous system brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system everything else Autonomic nervous systems These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Parasympathetic Sympathetic o These are automatically done o Cannot be controlled o Counterbalancing Fast reflexes PASS the brain Knee jerk reflex is a small signal sending signals to the brain takes a longer time to process the signal Chapter 36 Most ancient sense chemoreception smell and taste Huge variety of sensory receptors Sensory transduction converting sense signal to neuronal signal Chemoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Thermoreceptors Nociceptors Photoreceptors Electroreceptors Chemoreceptors affected by a molecule from the environment that connects to a protein that signals the ion channel to open Mechanoreceptors sensory protein changed based on pressure ion gates opened sound receptors Thermoreceptors detect temperature stimuli Nociceptors detect pain stimuli Photoreceptors detect light stimuli photons ion channel closes hyperpolarized Electroreceptors detect electrical stimuli Sensory organs to the brain Nerve impulses from sensory organs convey information to the brain These impulses Convey the strength of the signal Carry the information about even weak signals Convey location of signal s source Filter unimportant signals Adaptation continuous stimuli reduces the firing rate over time Chemoreceptors smell taste gustation typically needs higher concentration than olfaction Mechanoreceptors Statolith moves and depresses hair cell sterocilia producing gravity detection Vestibular system Hair cells function by releasing neurotransmitters Pitch frequency Hair cell activation 36 9 Vision No absorption no vision Color is what is reflected not what is absorbed Photoreceptors act as light photon counters Rhodopsin 36 11 Molecule involved in sight Compound eye insects contains facets ommatadia Single lens eye single lens focuses light on a retina and allows for a high degree of acuity
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