BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 26 Outline of Last Lecture I. Case Study Outline of Current Lecture I. Tinbergen’s questionsII. Behaviors are varied III. Fixed action patternIV. Hormones influence behaviorV. Artificially selecting behaviorVI. LearningVII. ImprintingVIII. NavigationIX. Biological clocksCurrent LectureTinbergen’s questionProximate questions: How?1. Causation2. DevelopmentUltimate questions: Why?1. Adaptive function2. Evolutionary historyEx. Aggressive behavior by male sticklebacksBehavior: Male fish attacks other fish that invade its nesting territory; stimulus (proximate) is the red color males have during mating seasonsUltimate: Aggressive male decreases the chances of any other male fertilizing their eggsBehaviors are variedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Fixed action patterns- simple stimulus results in specific behavior (innate)- Migration (visual and magnetic cues)- Communication- LearningInnate behaviors (45.1)Fixed action pattern (FAP) in geese (45.3)- Geese lose an egg out of the nest and instinctively bring it back, after testing it was learned that the geese will perform this action with any small, soft object resembling their eggsWhy are courtship displays often innate? (45.3)FAP can be exploitedHow to detect salient signal? Focus on features (45.4) If you tune the sensory system you can filter out noiseHormones can influence behavior (45.5)- Castrated male lizard- do not display courtship behaviors- Testosterone added and castrated lizard displays behaviors like normal- HORMONES ARE IMPORTANT IN BEHAVIORArtificially selecting behavior (45.6) - Breeding in order to determine if behavior is innate or learnedUnintended consequences: pigeons- Roller pigeonsIs behavior a phenotype? Yes!!Using molecular techniques to test the roles of genes in behavior (45.7)Learning - Non-associativeo Sensitizationo Habituation- Associative (conditioning)o Classical (stimulus/behavior)o Operant (behavior/response)Associative learning- Dog running into porcupine- does it once and will probably never do it againInnate learning (45.10)Imprinting (45.11)Ex. Imprinting in graylag geeseBehavior: young geese follow and imprint along their motherProximate: young geese observe mother moving away and calling to them Ultimate: geese imprinting increase their chances of survival Navigation/ Orientation- Navigation is more complex than orientation- Geomagnetic pole reversal o What happens to the animals that use magnetic poles? They use a different sensory system!Biological clocks - Circadian- Lunar-
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