BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I. Tinbergen’s questionsII. Behaviors are varied III. Fixed action patternIV. Hormones influence behaviorV. Artificially selecting behaviorVI. LearningVII. ImprintingVIII. NavigationIX. Biological clocksOutline of Current Lecture I. RitualizationII. CooperationIII. RelatednessIV. Sexual selectionV. Population ecology a. Trade offs and life history Current LectureWhat is needed for a communication system to evolve?Ritualization1. Increasing the conspicuousness of the behavior2. Reducing the amount of variation in the behavior so it can be immediately recognized3. Increasing its separation from the original function Not all signals are completely innate- for many songbirds there is a critical period for learning songs (45.14)Honeybees don’t just cook their enemies (45.15)- Using orientation of the sun and body movements to relay signals of where the food will be foundThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Complex behavior (innate)Cooperation (45.16)Does true altruism exist?Reciprocated altruism- someone needs something and you give it to them in hope that the action will someday be returnedRelatedness (45.17)- Probability of being related, having the same genesRelatedness in social insects (45.18)- 75% chance that offspring will be identical in these groups- AFFECTS MORE THAN INSECTSWhy are courtship displays often ritualized and innate?- Being familiar makes it easier to identifySexual dimorphism: Why?- Parental investment theory- parent that invests more time becomes the more choosy partner (results in men becoming more conspicuous)Sexual selectionWhat drives human behavior?Mostly the environment, genetics have a small but significant rolePopulation ecology (ch. 46)Population- all the individuals of a given species that live and reproduce in the same place- This is the unit on which evolution occursKey features of a population (46.1)- Population size- Geographic size- Population densityPopulation distribution can be random, clumped or over dispersed (46.3)Factors affecting population size (46.3)Mark and recapture (46.7)Age structure data and stability (46.8)Age structure can inform us about sustainability (46.9)Trade offs and life history- Organisms often exhibit trade offs between reproduction and other physiological features- The life history of an organism is the evolved pattern of resource
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