BIOL 152 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8Lecture 1 (January 20)Syllabus and course information was discussed this day.Lecture 2 (January 22)Important terms and concepts to know:- Phenotype- Population genetics- Species- Gene pool- Population- Somatic and germ line mutationso Deleteriouso Neutralo Advantageouso AdaptedGenetics:- Gregor Mendel- Gene locus- Homologous chromosomes- Heterozygous- Phenotype/genotype- Dominance vs. recessive- Punnet squaresPopulation GeneticsAlleles in a populationAllele FrequenciesGenotypic FrequenciesHardy-Weinburg Equation Lecture 3 (January 27)Case Study (more in-depth description on Lecture 3 notes on GradeBuddy)Lecture 4 (January 29)- Natural Selection- Darwin and his studies- Importance of Alfred Russel Wallace- Darwin’s proof- Darwin and Wallace’s conclusions- Natural selection and populationso Directional slectiono Disruptive selectiono Stabilizing selection- Mating systemo Sexual selectiono Non-random mating- Immigration & Emigration- Population size- Species and SpeciationLecture 5 (February 3)- Continuous variation- Discontinuous variation- Isolation speciation- A case study in speciation (more details in Lecture 5 notes posted on GradeBuddy)- Biological species definition- Ecological species definition- Morphological species definition- Phylogenetic species definition- Three outcomes due to renewed or continued contact between species- Gene flow barrierso Post-zygotico Pre-zygotico Ecological isolationLecture 6 (February 5)- Allopatric speciation- Phylogenetic perspective- Charles Darwin & Important scientistso Charles Lyello Lamarko James Hutton- Darwin synthesizes- DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION- An evolutionary “pattern”- Process yielding descent with modification- Tracing ancestries- Reconstructing evolutionary history- Analogous vs. homologous characteristics- Using homology to trace ancestry- Phylogenies classification- Classification system- Groupso Monophyletico Paraphyletico Polyphyletic- Classification SummaryLecture 7 (February 10)- Cycling Carbon- Charles Keeling - Atmospheric CO2 increased by:o Geological processeso Biological processeso Humans- Atmospheric CO2 decreased by:o Geological processeso Biological processes- Short term carbon cycle- CO2 increase correlations- Does correlation= causation?- Diversity of life on Eartho Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, Archaea- Bacterial Structure and diversity- Gram staino Positiveo Negative- Shape of cellsLecture 8 (February 12)- Carbon isotopes - Bacteria- Prokaryotic shapes/sizes- Bacterial flagellum- Diversity of prokaryotes- Nutritional diversityo Autotrophs Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophso Heterotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs- Protobacteria- Cyanobacteria- Archaea- Prokaryote summary- Horizontal gene transfero Conjugationo Transformationo Transduction- Endosymbiosis- Mitochondria and chloroplasts- Characteristics of a eukaryotic cell- Diversity in
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