BIOL 152 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 9-14Lecture 9 (February 17)Symbiosis- a relationship between two organisms in close proximity over time- Mutualistic- Parasitic- CommensalismEndosymbiosis-the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from an engulfed prokaryoteOrganismal structure and functionAll organisms must:- Get energyo Absorb or autotrophic- Exchange genes- Remove waste- Balance salt and water- Coordinate body activity- Reproduce (or go extinct)Multicellular organisms (must do all the above + these)- Transport- diffusion too slow- Need communication among cells- Organization and specialization of cellso Tissueso Organso Organ systemo OrganismKnow the characteristics that are specific to the following:Excavata: groove mark in cell body (excavated cavity)- Euglenoids:Chromalveolata: known for alveoli undercavity- Dinoflagellates- Diatoms- Brown algaeArcheoplastida: formed from symbiosis with cyanobacteria- Red algae/ Rhodophyta- Green Algae- precursor to land plantsLecture 10 (February 19) - Understand the plant structures and functions- Challenges that were overcome to move to land- Basic anatomy of a plant- Water & life- Vascular tissue- Cohesion-tension model- Vascular bundleLecture 11 (February 24)- Plant transport systems- The move to land- Alternation of generationso Plant life cycle Moss Ferns Gymnosperms and angiospermsLecture 12 (February 26)- General functions of flower structures - Essential flower organs- Physical constraints and forces plants experience- Apical meristem - Vegetative growth- Control of flower development- Control of plant growth - Plant responses- PhototropismLecture 13 (March 3)- Conclusions from experiments by Darwin and Boysen-Jenson- Fritz W. Wento Importanceo Experiments- Auxin discoveries- Auxin effects- Plant hormoneso Functionso Effects- Apical dominance- Tropisms- Plant defenseso Advantages and disadvantages- Entry for pathogens- Types of pathogens- Immune systems- How to stop biotropic pathogenLecture 14 (March 5)- Types of plant defense mechanismso Mechanicalo Ecologicalo Chemical- Adaptation in grasses - Resources and defenses - Constitutive vs. inducible defenses - Diversity of land plants- Nonvascular vs. vascular - Diversity of gymnosperms-
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