BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I. Osmoregulationa. Osmoconformers vs. OsmoregulatorsII. Nitrogenous Wastea. Varying levels of toxicityIII. Three stages of the excretory systemIV. Nephron function in the mammalian kidneyV. Hormones and kidney functionVI. Reproduction Outline of Current Lecture I. Animal DiversityII. SpongesIII. CnidariansIV. NematocystsV. CtenophoresVI. Lophotrochozoansa. Annelidsb. MollusksVII. GastrapodaVIII. CephalopodsIX. Phylum ArthropodaCurrent LectureWhat is a characteristic not exclusively found in animals?-Chitin (found in fungi too)Simple phylogeny (44.1)Symmetry in animals (44.2)- Radial- BilateralThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Embryonic organization of cnidarians (44.4) and bilaterians- All bilaterians are triploplastico Protostomes (mouth forms first)o Deuterostomes (mouth forms second or anus)Anatomy of a sponge (44.6)Porifera- No tissues, muscles or nerve cells- Sessile adults- Mostly found in marine environments- SpiculesPhylogeny of sponges to other animals (44.7)Cnidarians (44.8)- Polyp- stuck to something- Medusa- free swimming jellyfisho True tissues: ectoderm and endodermo Unique traits Two body forms Radial symmetry Cnidocytes Hydrostatic skeletonNematocysts (44.9)Cnidarians form colonies with individuals carrying out individual roles (44.10)Ctenophores (comb jellies, 44.11)- 150 species- Lack cnidocytes- Rows of cilia (ctenes, tenticles)Lophotrochozoans (protostomes) (44.14)1. Annelids (44.15)a. Hydrostatic skeletonb. Closed circulatory systems (hemoglobin)2. Mollusks a. 3 main body regionsi. Foot ii. Visceral massiii. Mantleb. Radulai. Scraping tongueGastropoda (snails and slugs 44.16)- Largest class- Visceral mass twisted 180˚o Orients cavity for headBivalvia (clams, oysters, mussels, scallops)Bivalves (44.18)Cephalopods (44.17)- octopus, squid, nauticusOther protostomes: EcdysozoaNematoda (round worms)- Ecdysis of tough cuticle (like arthropods)Phylum Arthropoda- Most successful group of animals- Largest number of species- Jointed appendages- Exoskeletono Ecdysis (molting of cuticle)o Similar to nematodes- Gas exchange variesGroups of arthropods (44.21)Chelicerates (spiders, scorpians, ticks, mites)Arachnids- Terrestrial, simple eyes- Most abundant non-insect classCrustacea- 2-3 body regions - Cephalothorax (or head and thorax)- 2 pair of antennae Myriapoda (many legs)Hexapods (six feet- insects and
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