BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Invert hormonesII. Homeostasis revisitedIII. Types of hormonesIV. Hypothalamus and pituitaryV. Gas exchange and respiration typesVI. Oxygen bindingVII. Circulatory systemsOutline of Current Lecture I. Circulatory Systemsa. Open vs. closedII. Animal MetabolismIII. Energy BalanceIV. Essentials for humansV. Digestive SystemsVI. Renal SystemVII. Intro to osmoconformersCurrent LectureOpen circulatory systems vs. closed circulatory systems- Vessel size/ structure (37.16)o Veins towards heart, arteries away from heartFish heart/ circulatory system= 2 chambersMammalian heart/ circulatory system= 4 chambersAnimal MetabolismFig. 40.1 Anaerobic (glycolysis) vs. aerobic - Measure metabolic rate?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- As animals increase in size, metabolic rate typically increases- As animals increase in sizes, metabolic rate per gram of tissue typically decreases- ∆ metabolic rate due to increased running speed is lower in larger animals- Endotherms have higher metabolic rates than do other ectoderms able to be active over wider range of environmentsNOTE: cheetah do not abandon hunts because they over heat- Homeostasis/ thermoregulation (40.6)Ex. Asian honeybees heat to 117˚F (stand 118˚F) to kill hornets (stand 115˚F)Energy Balance:- An animal in energy balance takes in the same amount of calories of energy from food that it uses over time to meet its metabolic needsEssential amino acids for humans (Table 40.1)Essential vitamins for humans (Table 40.2)Feeding types- Filter feeding (40.8)- Suction feeding (fish)- Active swimming to feed- Jaws= incredible success (40.11)Digestive systems- Usually one way (40.13)o Especially in complex animals- Digestive control (40.15)- Hormones, enzymes, acids, bases and symbionts work in digestion (40.17)- Pancreas, gall bladder, liver, stomach, intestines etc.- Lungs and small intestine both have large surface areaso Meaning… more places to absorb nutrients (small intestine)Animal Renal System- Water moves via diffusiono Osmosis (40.1)oo Osmoregulation (41.2) must have water for metabolism Osmoconformers match internal osmotic pressure to that of their external environment- External environment has to be relatively
View Full Document
Unlocking...