BIOL 152 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Carbon briefly revisitedII. Phylogenies briefly revisitedIII. Bacteria continueda. Reason for shapeb. Motilityc. Metabolismd. Ecological rolese. Diversity: proteobacteria, archaea and otherf. Horizontal gene transferIV. Endosymbiosis and the rise of eukaryotesOutline of Current Lecture I. Case Studya. Symbiosisb. Endosymbiosisc. LamarckII. Organismal Structure and function a. Single-celled organismsb. Multi-cellular organismsIII. Protistsa. Classificationi. Excavataii. Chromalveolataiii. Archeoplastidaiv. Green AlgaeCurrent LectureSymbiosis- a relationship between two organisms in close proximity over time- Mutualistic- Parasitic- CommensalismThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Endosymbiosis-the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from an engulfed prokaryoteOrganismal structure and functionAll organisms must:- Get energyo Absorb or autotrophic- Exchange genes- Remove waste- Balance salt and water- Coordinate body activity- Reproduce (or go extinct)Multicellular organisms (must do all the above + these)- Transport- diffusion too slow- Need communication among cells- Organization and specialization of cellso Tissueso Organso Organ systemo OrganismExcavata: groove mark in cell body (excavated cavity)- Euglenoids:o Known as eyeball plants- contain eye spot organelleo Morphologically distincto Thousands of flagellao Extracellular DNAChromalveolata: known for alveoli undercavity- Dinoflagellateso Cellulose plateso Armor with distinctive shapeso Two flagella (perpendicular, spinning motion)o Marine and fresh watero Red tide- Diatomso Glass-like wall (silica embedded)o Asexual and sexual reproductiono Major component of plankton (ocean and lakes)o Store energy as liminarin (polymer of glucose)- Brown algaeo Large, very complexo Marineo Multicellularo Stipe (stem), blade, wholefastArcheoplastida: formed from symbiosis with cyanobacteria- Red algae/ Rhodophytao Marine environments (reefs)o Used in food (smoothening and thickening agent) Forms agar, sushi, reefs- Green Algae- precursor to land plantso Chlorophytes Transition from protists to land plantso Charophytes Multicellular sex organs Closest relative to land plants Commonly known as
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