Review sheet Chapter 6 Skeletal tissues 1. Why are the bones of the skeleton considered organs? 2. What are the functions of the skeletal system? 3. Know the difference between cartilage and bone tissue, including: cell types, relative strength/flexibility, density of matrix, vascularization 4. What inorganic substance in bone makes it so rigid? 5. What is the difference between an osteoblast and an osteoclast?6. What are the three types of cartilage and how do they differ? Be able to identify the cartilage type if given an example (e.g. external ear, nose, pubic symphysis) and also be able to tell where each type is found. 7. Which type of cartilage is the most common? 8. Which type has the most elastic fibers? 9. Which type is able to resist very strong compression and tension?10. What are the two types of cartilage growth? Which is important for an increase in girth (size)? Which is important for length increase? 11. What are the cell types that make new cartilage tissue? 12. Where is new matrix secreted for appositional growth? What about for interstitial growth? 13. Which has more cartilage, an adult or a juvenile? 14. What is osteogenesis?15. What kind of cartilage forms the initial skeletal framework in an embryo? 16. In a developing fetus, which type of ossification is occurring if: 1) bone tissue is replacing existing cartilage tissue? 2) bone tissue is building on top of a collagen network? 17. Explain the process of endochondral ossification. Include the following terms: diaphysis, epiphysis, primary center of ossification, secondary center of ossification, epiphyseal plate, periosteal bud. 18. What happens when the epiphyseal plates have closed? 19. In the appositional growth of bone, is new tissue secreted at the periosteum or perichondrium20. What are the cells involved in producing new bone tissue? 21. Be able to draw and label a long bone with the following structures: diaphysis, epiphyses, spongy bone, compact bone, epiphyseal line, periosteum, medullary cavity 22. What is the periosteum? Where is it located? How is this different from endosteum? 23. Where is the medullary cavity found? What material lines the medullary cavity? 24. What are Sharpey’s fibers? What do they do/why are they important?25. Differentiate between compact and spongy bone. What part of a bone has compact bone? What part has spongy bone? 26. What is “diploe” and in what kind of bone is it found? 27. Be able to label a cross section of compact bone, including Haversian canals, osteon, lamellae, canaliculi. 28. What is an osteon? What are the concentric tubes that make up an osteon? 29. What is a Haversian canal? What is the function/job of the Haversian canal? 30. What are perforating canals (Volkmann’s canals)? What is their job/function? 31. What are canaliculi? How are these different from perforating canals? What is their job/function?32. Consider the process of bone remodeling. How would bone respond to long-term, weight bearing exercise? How might bone respond to long-term confinement/lack of use? To minimize risk of osteoporosis, should an individual sit quietly or exercise regularly? 33. What property or properties of cartilage make osteoarthritis so painful and difficult to treat? 34. What is a bony callus? What causes
View Full Document
Unlocking...