Review Sheet Chapter 8 Appendicular skeleton Pectoral girdle 1. Be able to differentiate between pectoral and pelvic girdles + appendages and know the bones that make up each. 2. How does the attachment of the pectoral girdle to the upper axial skeleton differ from the attachment of the pelvic girdle to the lower axial skeleton. 3. Know structures of scapula, what bone (and structure) articulates with the glenoid fossa. 4. With what part of the scapula does the biceps articulate? 5. Know structures of the clavicle, functions, and articulations. 6. Upper limb bones, structures, articulations (upper arm, lower arm, wrist, hand)7. What structure connects the radius and ulna? 8. Be able to differentiate between supination and pronation (which is palms up, which is palms down) and position of the bones involved 9. What are the main two bones of the elbow joint? What part of the upper arm bone articulates with what part of the lower arm bone? 10. Where does the head of the radius articulate with the humerus? 11. Where does the head of the radius articulate with the ulna? 12. What processes are visible at your wrist? 13. How does the thumb differ from the other phalanges?Pelvic girdle 14. What bones comprise the pelvis? 15. What is meant by the os coxae? 16. Where is the sacroiliac joint and what two bones articulate here? 17. What is the function of the pelvis? 18. How does the structure and attachments of the pelvis compare to the pectoral girdle? Why might this be? 19. What is the difference between the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet? Which is defined by the pelvic brim? Which is defined by the ischial tuberosities?20. Why might a small pelvis be a problem during childbirth? 21. What is the acetabulum and what bone (and structure) articulates here? 22. What three bones comprise the acetabulum? 23. List three ways to differentiate a male and a female pelvis 24. Why are the lower limbs thicker and stronger than the upper limbs? 25. Lower limb bones, structures, articulations (leg, crural, tarsals, phalanges) 26. What is unusual about the patella? What is the job of the patella?27. Why is the fibula only helpful to stabilize the ankle and not at the knee? What bones articulate at the knee and form the knee joint? 28. Is the fibula a weight-bearing bone? 29. What structures of the tibia and of the fibula form the ankle bone (stick out)? 30. What is the hallux? 31. What are the functions of the foot? 32. What tarsal bones carry the majority of the body weight? Which of these articulates with the tibia and the calcaneus? 33. Which of the tarsal bones attaches to the Achilles tendon?34. How are the arches of the foot related to walking and weight bearing? If half the body weight goes to the heel, where does the other half
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